{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1575336075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389459","title":"Voice coil actuators for human-robot interaction - an exploration of the use of electromagnetic voice coils as compliant, force-controlled actuators in direct-drive robots for visual and tactile interaction with humans","display_name":"Voice coil actuators for human-robot interaction - an exploration of the use of electromagnetic voice coils as compliant, force-controlled actuators in direct-drive robots for visual and tactile interaction with humans","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1575336075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389459","mag":"1575336075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2004.1389459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087652074","display_name":"John McBean","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. McBean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Life Group, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Media Lab., Robotic Life Group, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Life Group, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Lab., Robotic Life Group, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108541589","display_name":"Cynthia Breazeal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Breazeal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Life Group, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Media Lab., Robotic Life Group, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Life Group, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Lab., Robotic Life Group, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.26,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93832237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"852","last_page":"858"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7777769565582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-coil","display_name":"Voice coil","score":0.7710046768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7215315103530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.674739420413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5758088231086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5446526408195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.529930055141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.49359190464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43036967515945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3552480936050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3370988965034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2798658013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16905391216278076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7777769565582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131513009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369121","display_name":"Voice coil","level":3,"score":0.7710046768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7215315103530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.674739420413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5758088231086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5446526408195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.529930055141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.49359190464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43036967515945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3552480936050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3370988965034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2798658013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16905391216278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2004.1389459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152494601","https://openalex.org/W1481340334","https://openalex.org/W1554436968","https://openalex.org/W1600895443","https://openalex.org/W2064956595","https://openalex.org/W2101058978","https://openalex.org/W2108128833","https://openalex.org/W2569641373","https://openalex.org/W2600000122","https://openalex.org/W2610796673","https://openalex.org/W2616924292","https://openalex.org/W6606218017","https://openalex.org/W6633236052","https://openalex.org/W6731868475","https://openalex.org/W6773177450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206121469","https://openalex.org/W1972696911","https://openalex.org/W2170557438","https://openalex.org/W2054127382","https://openalex.org/W2975844906","https://openalex.org/W2639723818","https://openalex.org/W3153188170","https://openalex.org/W2137006928","https://openalex.org/W2132332304","https://openalex.org/W2096456748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42],"growing":[1],"field":[2],"of":[3,27,47,57,77],"human-robot":[4,58],"interaction":[5],"(HRI)":[6],"demands":[7],"robots":[8,36],"that":[9],"move":[10],"fluidly,":[11],"gracefully,":[12],"compliantly":[13],"and":[14,25,45,52,60,86],"safely.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"describes":[18],"our":[19],"recent":[20],"work":[21],"in":[22,35,54],"the":[23,55],"design":[24],"evaluation":[26],"long-travel":[28],"voice":[29],"coil":[30,68],"actuators":[31,49,69],"(VCAs)":[32],"for":[33,38,73],"use":[34],"intended":[37],"interacting":[39],"with":[40],"people.":[41],"basic":[43],"advantages":[44],"shortcomings":[46],"electromagnetic":[48],"are":[50,61],"discussed":[51],"evaluated":[53],"context":[56],"interaction,":[59],"compared":[62],"to":[63],"alternative":[64],"actuation":[65,82],"technologies.":[66],"Voice":[67],"have":[70],"been":[71],"chosen":[72],"their":[74],"controllability,":[75],"ease":[76],"implementation,":[78],"geometry,":[79],"compliance,":[80],"biomimetic":[81],"characteristics,":[83],"safety,":[84],"quietness,":[85],"high":[87],"power":[88],"density.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}