{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138823113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009603","title":"Software security: Application-level vulnerabilities in SCADA systems","display_name":"Software security: Application-level vulnerabilities in SCADA systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138823113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009603","mag":"2138823113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2011.6009603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057969141","display_name":"Sidney Valentine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801500532","display_name":"York Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05teaww98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801500532","https://openalex.org/I2802080466"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sidney Valentine","raw_affiliation_strings":["York Technical College, Rock Hill, SC, USA","York Technical College, Rockhill, SC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York Technical College, Rock Hill, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801500532"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"York Technical College, Rockhill, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801500532"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059899524","display_name":"Csilla Farkas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-1790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Csilla Farkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057969141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801500532"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73768782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"498","last_page":"499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.9263321161270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7123425602912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6491838693618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5614357590675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.5125765204429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4941084682941437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"Supervisory control","score":0.47867733240127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmable-logic-controller","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","score":0.4752388000488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4728964567184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46762970089912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.29741019010543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2816546559333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1969207525253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.19385090470314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18223658204078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.12392237782478333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.9263321161270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7123425602912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6491838693618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5614357590675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.5125765204429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4941084682941437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.47867733240127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37374048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188674","display_name":"Programmable logic controller","level":2,"score":0.4752388000488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4728964567184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46762970089912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.29741019010543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2816546559333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1969207525253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.19385090470314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18223658204078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.12392237782478333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2011.6009603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26759578","https://openalex.org/W104996744","https://openalex.org/W4205192141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201734049","https://openalex.org/W308697330","https://openalex.org/W2619521171","https://openalex.org/W2943911154","https://openalex.org/W2521068662","https://openalex.org/W3083596355","https://openalex.org/W2764881196","https://openalex.org/W1506138463","https://openalex.org/W3117635458","https://openalex.org/W2362071502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"study":[4],"the":[5,32,79],"security":[6,29],"threats":[7],"to":[8,85,93,100],"Supervisory":[9],"Control":[10],"and":[11,18,28,87,99],"Data":[12],"Acquisition":[13],"(SCADA)":[14],"systems":[15],"via":[16],"intentional":[17,74],"unintentional":[19,51,76],"software":[20,60],"errors.":[21],"We":[22,57,71,90],"claim":[23],"that":[24,37],"current":[25],"programming":[26],"practices":[27],"mechanisms":[30],"for":[31,69],"Programmable":[33],"Logic":[34],"Controllers":[35],"(PLC),":[36],"are":[38],"fundamental":[39],"components":[40],"of":[41],"all":[42],"SCADA":[43],"systems,":[44],"do":[45],"not":[46],"provide":[47],"adequate":[48],"protection":[49],"against":[50],"errors":[52,77],"or":[53,75],"malicious,":[54],"code-level":[55],"attacks.":[56],"focus":[58],"on":[59],"vulnerabilities":[61],"in":[62,78],"ladder":[63,80],"logic;":[64],"a":[65],"popular":[66],"graphical":[67],"language":[68],"PLCs.":[70],"show":[72],"how":[73],"logic":[81],"code":[82,97],"can":[83],"lead":[84],"integrity":[86],"availability":[88],"violations.":[89],"propose":[91],"methods":[92],"support":[94],"secure":[95],"PLC":[96],"development":[98],"detect":[101],"vulnerable":[102],"applications.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}