{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121262881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009575","title":"Fourier transforms for vibration analysis: A review and case study","display_name":"Fourier transforms for vibration analysis: A review and case study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121262881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009575","mag":"2121262881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2011.6009575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047817565","display_name":"Randall Wald","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Randall Wald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","[Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089170562","display_name":"Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taghi Khoshgoftaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","[Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063164258","display_name":"John Sloan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","[Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047817565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8894459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"366","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.7493167519569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.6695895195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.6218178868293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.6210194230079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6097000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.579830527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5732620358467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5732325911521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.5561928749084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-q-transform","display_name":"Constant Q transform","score":0.5116108059883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Continuous wavelet transform","score":0.5051530003547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.5040282607078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Harmonic wavelet transform","score":0.49006402492523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4771527647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-time-fourier-transform","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","score":0.47336432337760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.43820852041244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condition-monitoring","display_name":"Condition monitoring","score":0.42702335119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4238792955875397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4138854146003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33433470129966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2808777093887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.26016050577163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21055874228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1840297281742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1379745602607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.13790687918663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.10987886786460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10852634906768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09542036056518555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.7493167519569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.6695895195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.6218178868293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.6210194230079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6097000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.579830527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5732620358467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5732325911521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5561928749084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153705960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163634","display_name":"Constant Q transform","level":5,"score":0.5116108059883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95722684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622756","display_name":"Continuous wavelet transform","level":5,"score":0.5051530003547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.5040282607078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1109138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3280930","display_name":"Harmonic wavelet transform","level":5,"score":0.49006402492523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4771527647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166386157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477735","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.47336432337760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.43820852041244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.42702335119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4238792955875397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4138854146003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33433470129966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2808777093887329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.26016050577163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21055874228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1840297281742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1379745602607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.13790687918663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10987886786460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10852634906768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09542036056518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2011.6009575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2011.6009575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310801","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520633830","https://openalex.org/W1570651648","https://openalex.org/W1577772848","https://openalex.org/W1652549100","https://openalex.org/W1964551425","https://openalex.org/W1972937036","https://openalex.org/W1977020076","https://openalex.org/W2000858579","https://openalex.org/W2020851226","https://openalex.org/W2021909145","https://openalex.org/W2025333535","https://openalex.org/W2025486220","https://openalex.org/W2048076701","https://openalex.org/W2056337397","https://openalex.org/W2072599024","https://openalex.org/W2079012932","https://openalex.org/W2082860461","https://openalex.org/W2085708433","https://openalex.org/W2090794716","https://openalex.org/W2096945460","https://openalex.org/W2108744642","https://openalex.org/W2111838077","https://openalex.org/W2123504579","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2142586459","https://openalex.org/W2145103737","https://openalex.org/W2157941646","https://openalex.org/W2181834855","https://openalex.org/W6631018597","https://openalex.org/W6685848568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232826315","https://openalex.org/W2086627151","https://openalex.org/W2090582869","https://openalex.org/W2376691490","https://openalex.org/W3100288155","https://openalex.org/W2086207082","https://openalex.org/W3021127325","https://openalex.org/W2178843752","https://openalex.org/W1970853565","https://openalex.org/W2363944003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"part":[2],"of":[3,50,82,86,93],"machine":[4],"condition":[5],"monitoring":[6,10],"and":[7,55],"prognostic":[8],"health":[9],"(MCM/PHM)":[11],"using":[12],"waveform":[13],"sensors":[14],"(such":[15],"as":[16,61,96,98],"vibration":[17,94],"sensors)":[18],"is":[19,27,36],"data":[20],"transformation,":[21],"where":[22],"the":[23,30,48,75,83,107],"output":[24],"from":[25],"accelerometers":[26],"transformed":[28],"into":[29],"time-frequency":[31,39],"domain.":[32],"Although":[33],"Fourier":[34,89,108],"analysis":[35],"a":[37,80,99],"respected":[38],"transform":[40,109],"in":[41,47],"other":[42],"application":[43],"domains,":[44],"many":[45],"works":[46],"field":[49],"MCM/PHM":[51,92],"recommend":[52],"against":[53],"it":[54],"suggest":[56],"more":[57],"elaborate":[58],"transforms":[59,90],"such":[60],"wavelet-based":[62],"approaches.":[63],"These":[64],"recommendations":[65],"are":[66],"not":[67],"often":[68],"justified":[69],"by":[70],"experimental":[71],"data,":[72],"however.":[73],"In":[74],"present":[76,79],"work,":[77],"we":[78],"discussion":[81],"current":[84],"state":[85],"research":[87],"on":[88],"for":[91,104],"signals,":[95],"well":[97],"case":[100],"study":[101],"demonstrating":[102],"that":[103],"some":[105],"experiments,":[106],"can":[110],"produce":[111],"very":[112],"good":[113],"results.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}