{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111726165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2008.4583016","title":"Result identification for biomedical abstracts using Conditional Random Fields","display_name":"Result identification for biomedical abstracts using Conditional Random Fields","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111726165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2008.4583016","mag":"2111726165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2008.4583016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2008.4583016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041624183","display_name":"Ryan T.K. Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan T.K. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075592473","display_name":"Hong-Jei Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Jei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027100629","display_name":"Yue-Yang Bow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue-Yang Bow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055245450","display_name":"Min-Yuh Day","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6213-5646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Yuh Day","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030771512","display_name":"Richard Tzong\u2010Han Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Tzong-Han Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075392444","display_name":"Wen\u2010Lian Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Lian Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041624183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87698991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"122","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.9829655885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.9816640019416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7299470901489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.7136701941490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7038007974624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6806514263153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6111093163490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5995805859565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5839873552322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.5346113443374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5189756751060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46709340810775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4625825881958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.46045759320259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.45270416140556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40540117025375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39519184827804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2559943199157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16435396671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05395305156707764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9829655885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.9816640019416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7299470901489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.7136701941490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7038007974624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6806514263153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6111093163490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5995805859565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5839873552322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5346113443374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5189756751060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46709340810775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4625825881958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.46045759320259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.45270416140556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40540117025375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39519184827804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2559943199157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16435396671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05395305156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2008.4583016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2008.4583016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592053870","https://openalex.org/W1850865022","https://openalex.org/W1934019294","https://openalex.org/W1994485670","https://openalex.org/W2004761926","https://openalex.org/W2008639146","https://openalex.org/W2047782770","https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2121678130","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2140266725","https://openalex.org/W2142560900","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2159640576","https://openalex.org/W2162461580","https://openalex.org/W4241564561","https://openalex.org/W6635275303","https://openalex.org/W6640267182","https://openalex.org/W6648840710","https://openalex.org/W6682082992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964783010","https://openalex.org/W2962906565","https://openalex.org/W4250494529","https://openalex.org/W2399696375","https://openalex.org/W2798423868","https://openalex.org/W2061834489","https://openalex.org/W189110383","https://openalex.org/W2062502130","https://openalex.org/W2132038179","https://openalex.org/W2027233318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"biomedical":[1,51],"research,":[2],"the":[3,11,44,80,89],"most":[4],"important":[5],"parts":[6],"of":[7,49,91,103],"an":[8,19],"abstract":[9,20],"are":[10,72],"result":[12,45],"and":[13,46,69,100,106],"conclusion":[14,47],"sections.":[15],"Some":[16],"journals":[17],"divide":[18],"into":[21],"several":[22],"sections":[23,48],"so":[24],"that":[25,40,88],"readers":[26],"can":[27,41,96],"easily":[28],"identify":[29,43],"those":[30],"parts,":[31],"but":[32],"others":[33],"do":[34],"not.":[35],"We":[36],"propose":[37],"a":[38,59],"method":[39],"automatically":[42],"any":[50],"abstracts":[52],"by":[53],"formulating":[54],"this":[55],"identification":[56],"problem":[57],"as":[58,79],"sequence":[60],"labeling":[61],"task.":[62],"Three":[63],"feature":[64,94],"sets":[65,95],"(Position,":[66],"Named":[67],"Entity,":[68],"Word":[70],"Frequency)":[71],"employed":[73],"with":[74],"Conditional":[75],"Random":[76],"Fields":[77],"(CRFs)":[78],"underlying":[81],"machine":[82],"learning":[83],"model.":[84],"Experimental":[85],"results":[86],"show":[87],"combination":[90],"our":[92],"proposed":[93],"achieve":[97],"F-measure,":[98],"precision,":[99],"recall":[101],"scores":[102],"92.50%,":[104],"95.32%":[105],"89.85%,":[107],"respectively.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}