{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098146731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2003.1251443","title":"Identification of deliberately doctored text documents using frequent keyword chain (FKC) model","display_name":"Identification of deliberately doctored text documents using frequent keyword chain (FKC) model","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098146731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2003.1251443","mag":"2098146731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2003.1251443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2003.1251443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Fifth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044713455","display_name":"Siddharth Kaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9561-6128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA","[Computer Science Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064004794","display_name":"S.N.J. Murthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.N.J. Murthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA","[Computer Science Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067884423","display_name":"Gongzhu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gongzhu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA","[Computer Science Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"398","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7997733354568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6942607760429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-density","display_name":"Keyword density","score":0.6834762096405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.643903911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.6120370626449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5983376502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5978615283966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4715583026409149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.450700044631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4418726861476898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3054737150669098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-search","display_name":"Keyword search","score":0.24269118905067444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7997733354568481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6942607760429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57560718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125627","display_name":"Keyword density","level":3,"score":0.6834762096405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.643903911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.6120370626449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5983376502990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5978615283966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4715583026409149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.450700044631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4418726861476898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3054737150669098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988412617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441656","display_name":"Keyword search","level":2,"score":0.24269118905067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iri.2003.1251443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iri.2003.1251443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Fifth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.408.6071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.408.6071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.uab.edu/zhang/Spam-mining-papers/Identification.of.Deliberately.Doctored.Text.Documents.Using.Frequent.Keyword.Chain.FKC.Model.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493526108","https://openalex.org/W1833785989","https://openalex.org/W2112335400","https://openalex.org/W2114535528","https://openalex.org/W6614676750","https://openalex.org/W6638697285","https://openalex.org/W6676918204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165717120","https://openalex.org/W2039390456","https://openalex.org/W2948663225","https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2029954793","https://openalex.org/W1992683634","https://openalex.org/W4295295666","https://openalex.org/W1978059949","https://openalex.org/W2512387791","https://openalex.org/W70044515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text":[0],"documents":[1,22],"have":[2,122,142],"always":[3],"been":[4],"the":[5,55,125,139,148,164,179,184,196,199,215],"most":[6],"dominant":[7],"source":[8],"of":[9,14,26,54,103,147,153,156,174,201],"data":[10,223],"available.":[11],"A":[12,176],"number":[13,155],"classification":[15,28,73],"techniques":[16],"are":[17],"used":[18,75,207],"to":[19,32,38,48,64,76,95,128,135,169,198,208,212],"organize":[20],"these":[21,27],"and":[23,109,188,194],"a":[24,49,85,112,130,145,154,192],"majority":[25,146],"algorithms":[29,41],"use":[30],"keywords":[31,44,158],"categorize":[33],"them.":[34],"It":[35],"is":[36,60,74,81,111,181,205,229],"possible":[37,126],"mislead":[39],"such":[40,104,171],"by":[42,98],"inserting":[43],"('deliberate":[45],"doctoring')":[46],"belonging":[47],"class":[50],"different":[51],"from":[52],"that":[53,144,226],"document.":[56],"Such":[57],"intentional":[58],"deception":[59],"done":[61,83],"in":[62,69,115,159,191],"order":[63],"rank":[65],"Web":[66],"pages":[67],"higher":[68],"searches.":[70],"As":[71],"text":[72],"classify":[77],"e-mails,":[78],"deliberate":[79],"doctoring":[80],"also":[82,206],"as":[84],"spam":[86],"filter-busting":[87],"measure.":[88],"In":[89,118,138],"addition,":[90],"it":[91,110],"may":[92,133],"be":[93,107],"practiced":[94],"avoid":[96],"detection":[97],"security":[99],"agencies.":[100],"The":[101,203],"cost":[102],"misclassification":[105],"can":[106],"high":[108],"serious":[113],"problem":[114],"many":[116],"scenarios.":[117],"this":[119,227],"paper":[120],"we":[121,141],"exhaustively":[123],"examined":[124],"methods":[127],"doctor":[129],"document":[131,193],"which":[132,186],"lead":[134],"its":[136],"misclassification.":[137,202],"study":[140],"concluded":[143],"ways":[149],"would":[150],"involve":[151],"insertion":[152],"misleading":[157],"close":[160],"proximity.":[161],"We":[162],"propose":[163],"frequent":[165],"keyword":[166,217],"chain":[167,218],"model":[168,185,228],"identify":[170],"local":[172],"concentration":[173],"keywords.":[175],"tool":[177,204],"called":[178],"FKCLocater":[180],"designed":[182],"around":[183],"identifies":[187],"highlights":[189],"FKC's":[190],"alerts":[195],"user":[197],"possibility":[200],"specify":[209],"various":[210],"parameters":[211],"fine":[213],"tune":[214],"frequency":[216],"model.":[219],"Experiments":[220],"on":[221],"newsgroup":[222],"sets":[224],"show":[225],"effective.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
