{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038655172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2012.6469531","title":"Classification with emotional faces via a robust sparse classifier","display_name":"Classification with emotional faces via a robust sparse classifier","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038655172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2012.6469531","mag":"2038655172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipta.2012.6469531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2012.6469531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 3rd International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001206166","display_name":"Elena Battini S\u00f6nmez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-984X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118036225","display_name":"Istanbul Bilgi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pm4x478","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118036225"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Battini Sonmez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey","Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Bilgi University, Dolapdere, TR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118036225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul Bilgi University, Dolapdere, TR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118036225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018114635","display_name":"B\u00fclent Sankur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-1533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bulent Sankur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Turkey","Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, TR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, TR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036755640","display_name":"Song\u00fcl Albayrak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-6869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4101805","display_name":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0547yzj13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songul Albayrak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Computer Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, TR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, TR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4101805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14121612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"344","last_page":"349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7326631546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7217271327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7208402156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.668861448764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6332036256790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6091145873069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5833732485771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.5046786069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.497454434633255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.4590533971786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.44947147369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4311937689781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3381868600845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17747512459754944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7326631546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7217271327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7208402156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.668861448764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6332036256790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6091145873069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5833732485771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.5046786069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.497454434633255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.4590533971786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.44947147369384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4311937689781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3381868600845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17747512459754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipta.2012.6469531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2012.6469531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 3rd International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531739183","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1971519774","https://openalex.org/W1976709621","https://openalex.org/W2015463594","https://openalex.org/W2060312700","https://openalex.org/W2079712593","https://openalex.org/W2082498363","https://openalex.org/W2082855665","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2107745603","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2153663612","https://openalex.org/W2159668072","https://openalex.org/W2164575144","https://openalex.org/W2986028972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999699871","https://openalex.org/W4225124612","https://openalex.org/W2043806667","https://openalex.org/W2021633306","https://openalex.org/W2006801911","https://openalex.org/W2033669961","https://openalex.org/W2971899271","https://openalex.org/W1972167985","https://openalex.org/W2350644419","https://openalex.org/W3165517033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,21,130],"consider":[1],"the":[2,15,32,48,54,68,76,81,89,106,123,134],"problem":[3,49],"of":[4,17,34,38,58,88,108,114],"emotion":[5,72,156],"recognition":[6,29,98],"in":[7,14,36,102,154],"faces":[8,113,125,136,138],"as":[9,11,52],"well":[10,153],"subject":[12,161],"identification":[13,27,157,162],"presence":[16],"emotional":[18],"facial":[19],"expressions.":[20],"propose":[22],"alternative":[23],"solutions":[24],"for":[25],"this":[26],"and":[28,80,160],"problems":[30],"using":[31],"idea":[33],"sparsity,":[35],"terms":[37],"Sparse":[39],"Representation":[40],"based":[41],"Classifier":[42],"(SRC)":[43],"paradigm.":[44],"In":[45],"both":[46,133,155],"cases,":[47],"is":[50],"formulated":[51],"finding":[53],"most":[55],"parsimonious":[56],"set":[57],"representatives":[59],"from":[60],"a":[61,127],"training":[62],"set,":[63],"which":[64],"will":[65],"best":[66],"reconstruct":[67],"test":[69,105],"image.":[70],"For":[71,96],"classification,":[73],"we":[74,110],"considered":[75,111],"six":[77],"fundamental":[78],"states":[79],"SRC":[82,144],"performance":[83],"was":[84],"compared":[85],"with":[86,132,140],"that":[87],"Active":[90],"Appearance":[91],"Model":[92],"(AAM)":[93],"algorithm":[94],"[1].":[95],"face":[97],"displaying":[99],"various":[100],"emotions,":[101],"order":[103],"to":[104],"robustness":[107],"SRC,":[109],"gallery":[112],"subjects":[115,159],"having":[116],"one":[117],"or":[118,137],"more":[119],"expression":[120],"variety":[121],"while":[122,146],"probe":[124],"had":[126],"different":[128],"expression.":[129],"experimented":[131],"whole":[135],"observed":[139],"multiple":[141],"blocks.":[142],"The":[143],"algorithm,":[145],"not":[147],"demanding":[148],"any":[149],"training,":[150],"performed":[151],"surprisingly":[152],"across":[158,163],"emotions.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}