{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415624911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin66788.2025.11213032","title":"RSSI-based Indoor Localization using Point Mass Filter on a Discretized Grid Map with Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Integration","display_name":"RSSI-based Indoor Localization using Point Mass Filter on a Discretized Grid Map with Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Integration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415624911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin66788.2025.11213032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin66788.2025.11213032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin66788.2025.11213032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111087897","display_name":"Philipp Hager","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Hager","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053113062","display_name":"Martin Schmidhammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-142X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schmidhammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073987292","display_name":"Susanna Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3210-6259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanna Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032476098","display_name":"Christian Gentner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Gentner","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR),Institute of Communications and Navigation,Wessling,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37418332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5351999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4140999913215637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5351999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57077369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075747","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","level":4,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156172958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3438407","display_name":"Grid reference","level":4,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86369673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203659","display_name":"Simultaneous localization and mapping","level":4,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530343408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413038","display_name":"Radio navigation","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin66788.2025.11213032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin66788.2025.11213032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:214986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPIN66788.2025.11213032>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005717879","https://openalex.org/W2056427752","https://openalex.org/W2143737806","https://openalex.org/W2149675336","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2240192984","https://openalex.org/W2891224819"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"indoor":[1,20,204],"positioning":[2],"remains":[3],"challenging":[4],"due":[5],"to":[6,115],"the":[7,17,126,139,180],"absence":[8],"of":[9,19,156],"global":[10],"navigation":[11],"satellite":[12],"system":[13,162],"(GNSS)":[14],"signals":[15],"and":[16,112,173,188,202],"complexity":[18],"environments.":[21],"While":[22],"foot-mounted":[23,51],"inertial":[24,151],"measurement":[25],"unit":[26],"(IMU)":[27],"offer":[28],"infrastructure-free":[29],"operation,":[30],"they":[31],"inevitably":[32],"accumulate":[33],"drift":[34],"over":[35],"time":[36],"without":[37,148],"external":[38],"corrections.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"work,":[42],"we":[43],"introduce":[44],"a":[45,50,80,108,129,165,200],"hybrid":[46],"localization":[47,205],"approach":[48,77],"combining":[49],"IMU":[52],"with":[53,96],"received":[54],"signal":[55,120],"strength":[56,121],"indicator":[57],"(RSSI)":[58],"measurements":[59,137],"from":[60],"ambient":[61],"Wi-Fi":[62,97],"access":[63],"points":[64],"(APs).":[65],"Unlike":[66],"traditional":[67],"fingerprinting":[68],"methods,":[69],"which":[70],"typically":[71],"require":[72],"labor-intensive":[73],"manual":[74],"labeling,":[75],"our":[76,161],"autonomously":[78],"constructs":[79],"probabilistic":[81],"radio":[82,142],"map":[83],"during":[84],"normal":[85],"pedestrian":[86,91],"movement":[87],"by":[88],"associating":[89],"precise":[90],"dead":[92],"reckoning":[93],"(PDR)":[94],"positions":[95],"scans":[98],"in":[99,119,164],"real-time.":[100],"The":[101],"collected":[102],"RSSI":[103,136],"data":[104],"is":[105],"discretized":[106],"onto":[107],"two-dimensional":[109],"spatial":[110],"grid":[111],"statistically":[113],"normalized":[114],"account":[116],"for":[117],"variations":[118],"across":[122,193],"different":[123,194],"devices.":[124],"During":[125],"online":[127],"phase,":[128],"point":[130],"mass":[131],"filter":[132],"(PMF)":[133],"compares":[134],"live":[135],"against":[138],"previously":[140],"constructed":[141],"map,":[143],"enabling":[144],"accurate":[145],"position":[146],"estimation":[147],"relying":[149],"on":[150],"sensors":[152],"or":[153],"prior":[154],"knowledge":[155],"AP":[157],"locations.":[158],"We":[159],"evaluated":[160],"extensively":[163],"real-world":[166],"office":[167],"environment,":[168],"testing":[169],"various":[170],"hardware":[171],"devices":[172],"multiple":[174],"users.":[175],"Experimental":[176],"results":[177],"confirm":[178],"that":[179],"method":[181],"achieves":[182],"meter":[183],"accuracy":[184],"under":[185],"realistic":[186],"conditions":[187],"exhibits":[189],"strong":[190],"generalization":[191],"capabilities":[192],"devices,":[195],"underscoring":[196],"its":[197],"potential":[198],"as":[199],"lightweight":[201],"scalable":[203],"solution.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
