{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405304647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786159","title":"Ubiquitous and Low-Cost Generation of Elevation Pseudo Ground Control Points","display_name":"Ubiquitous and Low-Cost Generation of Elevation Pseudo Ground Control Points","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405304647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088326953","display_name":"Chenjie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-4534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006723324","display_name":"Etienne Le Grand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Etienne Le Grand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008352007","display_name":"Moustafa Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA and American University in Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA and American University in Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520","https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88852732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.8903999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.8903999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.77920001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14270","display_name":"Simulation and Modeling Applications","score":0.7404000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7119081616401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6004377603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14540818333625793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7119081616401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6004377603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14540818333625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983363341","https://openalex.org/W2050551672","https://openalex.org/W2098445007","https://openalex.org/W2131798422","https://openalex.org/W2153282120","https://openalex.org/W2160967142","https://openalex.org/W2801449609","https://openalex.org/W2969137297","https://openalex.org/W2996908268","https://openalex.org/W3040199298","https://openalex.org/W3098149237","https://openalex.org/W3113604918","https://openalex.org/W3198113718","https://openalex.org/W4250929171","https://openalex.org/W6638966615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2381265245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"design":[4,42],"a":[5,22,27,43,63],"system":[6,56],"to":[7,49],"generate":[8],"Pseudo":[9],"Ground":[10],"Control":[11],"Points":[12],"(PGCPs)":[13],"using":[14],"standard":[15],"low-cost":[16],"widely":[17],"available":[18],"GNSS":[19,30],"receivers":[20],"in":[21,69,73],"crowd-sourcing":[23],"manner.":[24],"We":[25],"propose":[26],"number":[28],"of":[29,37,54,66],"points":[31],"filters":[32],"that":[33,58],"removes":[34],"different":[35],"causes":[36],"errors":[38],"and":[39,41],"biases,":[40],"linear":[44],"regression":[45],"height":[46],"estimator":[47],"leading":[48],"high-accuracy":[50],"PGCP":[51],"elevations.":[52],"Evaluation":[53],"our":[55],"shows":[57],"the":[59,74],"PGCPs":[60],"can":[61],"achieve":[62],"median":[64],"accuracy":[65],"22.5":[67],"cm":[68],"25":[70],"metropolitan":[71],"areas":[72],"USA.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}