{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405304347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786116","title":"UWB NLOS Identification and Mitigation based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) Deep Learning","display_name":"UWB NLOS Identification and Mitigation based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405304347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9/file/01JJ9B9SJZWP4TN4BEM99DQP32.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083099906","display_name":"Hongchao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-8632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongchao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Mining and Technology,School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,Xuzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Mining and Technology,School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018788326","display_name":"Yunjia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-242X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Mining and Technology,School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,Xuzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Mining and Technology,School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057991593","display_name":"Cheekiat Seow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CheeKiat Seow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037893752","display_name":"Meng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-3787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Mining and Technology,School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,Xuzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Mining and Technology,School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,Xuzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021128973","display_name":"David Plets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Plets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology imec-Waves Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology imec-Waves Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083099906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74213461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.8102338314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6833732724189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6762855052947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6418168544769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6120558381080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5129122734069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.48988837003707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43462955951690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23555254936218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22645452618598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2151118516921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17963197827339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.0945340096950531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.8102338314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6833732724189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6762855052947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6418168544769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6120558381080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5129122734069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.48988837003707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43462955951690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23555254936218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22645452618598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2151118516921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17963197827339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0945340096950531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin62893.2024.10786116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 14th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9/file/01JJ9B9SJZWP4TN4BEM99DQP32.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9798350366402","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:332001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/49593.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/332001/2/332001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01JJ9AY52K8P6TP90DMVBRQFM9/file/01JJ9B9SJZWP4TN4BEM99DQP32.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9798350366402","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405304347.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993635590","https://openalex.org/W2060873147","https://openalex.org/W2138114662","https://openalex.org/W2338194367","https://openalex.org/W2770989067","https://openalex.org/W2901844150","https://openalex.org/W2902750893","https://openalex.org/W2947022384","https://openalex.org/W3011291128","https://openalex.org/W3191398103","https://openalex.org/W4312939894","https://openalex.org/W4313547892","https://openalex.org/W4360770888","https://openalex.org/W4391164316","https://openalex.org/W6755207826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W2003817535","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W4249005693","https://openalex.org/W4392946183","https://openalex.org/W3088732000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,79],"Non-Line-of-Sight":[1],"(NLOS)":[2],"phenomenon":[3],"can":[4],"hinder":[5],"signal":[6],"propagation":[7],"and":[8,18,46,84,93,104,112,144,148,153],"significantly":[9],"reduce":[10],"the":[11,44,50,71,76,135,157,167],"accuracy":[12],"of":[13,49],"UWB":[14,28],"for":[15,33],"indoor":[16],"positioning":[17,159],"navigation.":[19],"Channel":[21],"Impulse":[22],"Response":[23],"(CIR)":[24],"sequence":[25,52],"generated":[26],"during":[27],"ranging":[29,117,138],"is":[30,123,140],"widely":[31],"used":[32],"channel":[34,67],"identification.":[35,78],"However,":[36],"existing":[37,168],"deep":[38],"learning":[39],"algorithms":[40,99,169],"struggle":[41],"to":[42,74,97],"balance":[43],"local":[45],"global":[47],"features":[48],"CIR":[51],"effectively.":[53],"To":[54],"address":[55],"this,":[56],"this":[57],"paper":[58],"constructs":[59],"a":[60,119],"Bidirectional":[61],"Encoder":[62],"Representations":[63],"from":[64],"Transformers":[65],"(BERT)":[66],"identification":[68,80],"model":[69,122,128],"using":[70],"self-attention":[72],"mechanism":[73],"improve":[75],"NLOS":[77,116,137],"Accuracy,":[81],"LOS":[82],"recall,":[83],"F2":[85],"scores":[86],"in":[87],"multiple":[88,133],"scenarios":[89],"are":[90],"96.65%,":[91],"97.13%,":[92],"0.9703":[94],"respectively.":[95,114,155],"Comparing":[96],"state-of-art":[98],"such":[100],"as":[101],"LS-SVM,":[102,146],"CNN,":[103,147],"LSTM,":[105],"our":[106,161],"algorithm":[107,162],"outperformed":[108],"by":[109,142,150,170],"17.9%,":[110],"11.86%,":[111],"10.80%":[113],"For":[115],"errors,":[118],"fine-grained":[120],"classification":[121],"constructed":[124],"with":[125],"error":[126,139],"correction":[127],"based":[129],"on":[130],"BERT.":[131],"In":[132,156],"scenarios,":[134],"average":[136],"reduced":[141],"41.97%":[143],"outperforms":[145],"LSTM":[149],"34.04%,":[151],"31.99%,":[152],"16.81%":[154],"overall":[158],"experiment,":[160],"achieves":[163],"better":[164],"performance":[165],"than":[166],"32.13%.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
