{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312825867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin54987.2022.9917511","title":"Dynamic Adjustment of Measurement Noise Covariance Matrix in an Infrared-based Positioning and Tracking System","display_name":"Dynamic Adjustment of Measurement Noise Covariance Matrix in an Infrared-based Positioning and Tracking System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312825867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin54987.2022.9917511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin54987.2022.9917511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin54987.2022.9917511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/57897/3/Dynamic_Aparicio_IEEE_IPIN_2022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030195379","display_name":"Elena Aparicio-Esteve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Aparicio-Esteve","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070691562","display_name":"David Molt\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-3758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Molto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038690328","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Ure\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-6039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Urena","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063313091","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025641233","display_name":"Felipe Espinosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-0947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Espinosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6293101906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5946988463401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.5718284845352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.5245878100395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5145365595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.500739574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.42887356877326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40273433923721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3677615523338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3576367497444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.20677673816680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14799463748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.145633727312088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.13031327724456787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6293101906776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5946988463401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5718284845352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.5245878100395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5145365595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.500739574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.42887356877326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40273433923721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3677615523338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3576367497444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.20677673816680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14799463748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.145633727312088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.13031327724456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin54987.2022.9917511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin54987.2022.9917511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/57897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57897","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/57897/3/Dynamic_Aparicio_IEEE_IPIN_2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/57897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57897","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/57897/3/Dynamic_Aparicio_IEEE_IPIN_2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G314072379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-095168-BC51","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312825867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312825867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599976967","https://openalex.org/W1632416261","https://openalex.org/W1786529921","https://openalex.org/W2096518723","https://openalex.org/W2100303002","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2111566853","https://openalex.org/W2566091547","https://openalex.org/W2895735188","https://openalex.org/W2900746857","https://openalex.org/W2915363717","https://openalex.org/W2934971339","https://openalex.org/W2990472302","https://openalex.org/W2998471161","https://openalex.org/W3010953035","https://openalex.org/W3021842317","https://openalex.org/W3022941453","https://openalex.org/W3023100318","https://openalex.org/W3037388902","https://openalex.org/W3048264042","https://openalex.org/W3172003593","https://openalex.org/W3175727142","https://openalex.org/W6638236601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089114113","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W2900391131","https://openalex.org/W1657752397","https://openalex.org/W3185162478","https://openalex.org/W1633787648","https://openalex.org/W2886934452","https://openalex.org/W1489099099","https://openalex.org/W2024369332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,88,116],"accuracy":[1],"of":[2,67,90,154,176],"optical":[3,70],"positioning":[4,71],"systems":[5],"can":[6,33],"be":[7,34],"compromised":[8],"by":[9],"multiple":[10],"factors":[11],"(reflections,":[12],"calibration,":[13],"etc.).":[14],"As":[15],"an":[16,83],"alternative":[17],"to":[18],"the":[19,47,52,56,65,101,111,142,155,168,171,177,180,186],"triangulation,":[20],"multilateration,":[21],"or":[22],"fingerprinting":[23],"techniques":[24,32],"typically":[25],"used":[26],"in":[27,41,59,110,152,174,182],"these":[28],"systems,":[29],"stochastic":[30],"estimation":[31,119],"used,":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"Kalman":[38,85],"Filters":[39],"(KF)":[40],"its":[42],"different":[43],"variants.":[44],"They":[45],"estimate":[46],"receiver":[48,117],"position":[49,118,181],"based":[50,73],"on":[51,74,100],"acquired":[53],"measurements":[54],"and":[55,78,103,107,124,133,137,149,161,185,194,201,205],"estimated":[57],"positions":[58],"previous":[60,112],"iterations.":[61],"This":[62],"work":[63],"presents":[64],"evaluation":[66],"a":[68,79,91,122,125,159,162,197,208],"3D":[69],"system,":[72],"four":[75],"LED":[76],"beacons":[77],"quadrant":[80],"receiver,":[81,108],"using":[82,120,158],"Extended":[84],"Filter":[86],"(EKF).":[87],"implementation":[89],"measurement":[92,127],"noise":[93,128,164,199],"covariance":[94,129],"matrix":[95,130],"that":[96],"is":[97,114,131],"adjusted":[98],"depending":[99],"angle":[102,188],"distance":[104],"between":[105],"transmitters":[106],"obtained":[109,172],"iteration,":[113],"analysed.":[115],"both":[121],"dynamic":[123,160,198],"static":[126,163,209],"evaluated":[132],"compared":[134],"with":[135,196],"simulations":[136],"experimental":[138,169],"tests.":[139],"In":[140,167],"simulations,":[141],"achieved":[143],"errors":[144,173],"are":[145,190],"below":[146,202],"6":[147],"cm":[148,151,204],"12":[150],"75%":[153,175],"cases":[156,178],"when":[157],"matrix,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"tests,":[170],"for":[179,207],"plane":[183],"XY":[184],"rotation":[187],"\u03b3":[189],"smaller":[191],"than":[192],"7.44cm":[193],"1.06\u00b0":[195],"matrix;":[200],"7.59":[203],"1.62\u00b0":[206],"one.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}