{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991570458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2019.8911774","title":"Survey on CSI-based Indoor Positioning Systems and Recent Advances","display_name":"Survey on CSI-based Indoor Positioning Systems and Recent Advances","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991570458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2019.8911774","mag":"2991570458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2019.8911774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2019.8911774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wen Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059548387","display_name":"Qianqian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-9222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102222671","display_name":"Zhongliang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongliang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761001","display_name":"Hong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-9777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016764397","display_name":"Xiao Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-0063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082482226","display_name":"Xinyu Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101863428","display_name":"Shixuan Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixuan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090612091","display_name":"Cunzhe Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cunzhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400185","display_name":"Shuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1122-0677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7787814140319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.704047679901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6885635256767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-technology","display_name":"Positioning technology","score":0.65607750415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.6227896213531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.5716666579246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.5308647751808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.5045346021652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5007960796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48598799109458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.48542293906211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.46157512068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.45540863275527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.43935126066207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4212818741798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3817303776741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2764955163002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13842129707336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.1274750530719757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11752602458000183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7787814140319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.704047679901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6885635256767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778075934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning technology","level":2,"score":0.65607750415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.6227896213531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.5716666579246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5308647751808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5045346021652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5007960796356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48598799109458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.48542293906211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.46157512068748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45540863275527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.43935126066207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4212818741798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3817303776741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2764955163002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13842129707336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.1274750530719757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11752602458000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2019.8911774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2019.8911774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585879837","https://openalex.org/W1659905512","https://openalex.org/W1977917536","https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W1998497571","https://openalex.org/W2005059864","https://openalex.org/W2014758824","https://openalex.org/W2032445265","https://openalex.org/W2044846595","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2054642006","https://openalex.org/W2063138782","https://openalex.org/W2066073668","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2105328082","https://openalex.org/W2108422006","https://openalex.org/W2112275383","https://openalex.org/W2113281041","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2128190945","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2240192984","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2290207474","https://openalex.org/W2397693966","https://openalex.org/W2420837166","https://openalex.org/W2466484593","https://openalex.org/W2471935249","https://openalex.org/W2495209722","https://openalex.org/W2538535315","https://openalex.org/W2599936006","https://openalex.org/W2607176470","https://openalex.org/W2735507411","https://openalex.org/W2747122612","https://openalex.org/W2751571889","https://openalex.org/W2753866421","https://openalex.org/W2756353930","https://openalex.org/W2765756443","https://openalex.org/W2766483522","https://openalex.org/W2769149396","https://openalex.org/W2783747512","https://openalex.org/W2785787327","https://openalex.org/W2792312025","https://openalex.org/W2793194125","https://openalex.org/W2801789088","https://openalex.org/W2807582929","https://openalex.org/W2811148470","https://openalex.org/W2888967269","https://openalex.org/W2889178137","https://openalex.org/W2892417760","https://openalex.org/W2902516214","https://openalex.org/W2906194850","https://openalex.org/W2916587943","https://openalex.org/W2917196819","https://openalex.org/W2922174720","https://openalex.org/W2937031311","https://openalex.org/W2937411608","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2964192401","https://openalex.org/W2972413602","https://openalex.org/W3100000822","https://openalex.org/W4235628085","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6695144982","https://openalex.org/W6723404821","https://openalex.org/W6737177685","https://openalex.org/W6745321403","https://openalex.org/W6747837673","https://openalex.org/W6754936109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W4382175670","https://openalex.org/W4387677619","https://openalex.org/W1926767291","https://openalex.org/W2306569468","https://openalex.org/W2516568351","https://openalex.org/W2403864116","https://openalex.org/W1992168158","https://openalex.org/W4318602911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,56,75,91,99,130,137,150,169,174],"popularization":[2],"of":[3,58,78,132,160],"mobile":[4],"devices,":[5],"location":[6,52],"based":[7,41,94],"services":[8,53],"(LBS)":[9],"have":[10],"received":[11],"significant":[12],"attention.":[13],"Global":[14],"Navigation":[15],"Satellite":[16],"System":[17],"(GNSS)":[18],"that":[19,103],"widely":[20,45],"used":[21,46],"outdoors":[22],"is":[23,44,65],"unable":[24],"to":[25,47,55,145],"achieve":[26],"high-precision":[27],"positioning":[28,33,43,92,101,116,120],"indoors,":[29],"thus":[30],"various":[31],"indoor":[32,42],"methods":[34],"are":[35,109],"proposed":[36],"for":[37],"precise":[38],"positioning.":[39],"Wi-Fi":[40,71],"provide":[48],"accurate":[49],"and":[50,80,97,118,129,171],"efficient":[51],"due":[54],"convenience":[57],"hardware":[59],"facilities.":[60],"Channel":[61],"state":[62],"information":[63],"(CSI)":[64],"an":[66],"essential":[67],"feature":[68],"provided":[69],"by":[70],"signals,":[72],"which":[73],"depicts":[74],"fine-grained":[76],"features":[77],"channels,":[79],"attracts":[81],"great":[82,105],"attention":[83],"in":[84,176],"recent":[85],"years.":[86],"This":[87,107],"paper":[88,108,167],"comprehensively":[89],"reviews":[90],"technology":[93],"on":[95],"CSI,":[96],"compares":[98],"primary":[100],"systems":[102],"makes":[104],"progress.":[106],"mainly":[110],"represented":[111],"from":[112,140],"two":[113],"aspects:":[114],"geometry-based":[115],"method":[117,144],"fingerprint-based":[119],"method.":[121,148],"The":[122,134],"former":[123],"introduces":[124],"angle-based":[125],"method,":[126,128],"range-based":[127],"combination":[131],"both.":[133],"later":[135],"mines":[136],"development":[138],"process":[139],"traditional":[141],"machine":[142],"learning":[143,147],"deep":[146],"At":[149],"same":[151],"time,":[152],"this":[153,166,177],"article":[154],"also":[155],"gives":[156],"a":[157],"brief":[158],"overview":[159],"CSI\u2019s":[161],"multi-source":[162],"fusion":[163],"technologies.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"summarizes":[168],"challenges":[170],"points":[172],"out":[173],"trends":[175],"rapidly":[178],"developing":[179],"field.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}