{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900970538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533853","title":"Bluetooth-Based Indoor Positioning Through ToF and RSSI Data Fusion","display_name":"Bluetooth-Based Indoor Positioning Through ToF and RSSI Data Fusion","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900970538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533853","mag":"2900970538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2018.8533853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016583579","display_name":"Davide Giovanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Giovanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068548938","display_name":"Elisabetta Farella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Farella","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045097296","display_name":"Daniele Fontanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Fontanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015955356","display_name":"David Macii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-5188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Macii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.8160895705223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7846540808677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.7710410356521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.623810887336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5483742356300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5095937252044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.49748948216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.46207597851753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4176502227783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36027824878692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3374421000480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.313911497592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.30371609330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17411425709724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17154476046562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09499204158782959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.8160895705223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846540808677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.7710410356521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.623810887336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5483742356300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5095937252044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.49748948216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.46207597851753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4176502227783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36027824878692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3374421000480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.313911497592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30371609330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17411425709724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17154476046562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09499204158782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2018.8533853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533853","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/643815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/643815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/230133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/230133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496127164","https://openalex.org/W1506974941","https://openalex.org/W1654716554","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1917840669","https://openalex.org/W1966319741","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W2005136695","https://openalex.org/W2013002270","https://openalex.org/W2017536451","https://openalex.org/W2047831804","https://openalex.org/W2061475072","https://openalex.org/W2067078326","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2104455787","https://openalex.org/W2108432483","https://openalex.org/W2147658328","https://openalex.org/W2148737975","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2288520491","https://openalex.org/W2402514617","https://openalex.org/W2562522049","https://openalex.org/W2765095969","https://openalex.org/W2770860920","https://openalex.org/W2895734152","https://openalex.org/W3021921804","https://openalex.org/W6665686387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110864098","https://openalex.org/W2024669213","https://openalex.org/W2036124157","https://openalex.org/W4294892215","https://openalex.org/W4293222758","https://openalex.org/W993989835","https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W2910970047","https://openalex.org/W1979120455","https://openalex.org/W1492287877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"several":[1],"decades":[2],"of":[3,24,29,71,83,97,125,156],"both":[4,72],"market":[5,27],"and":[6,15,32,53,74,144,164],"scientific":[7],"interest,":[8],"indoor":[9,44,172],"positioning":[10,45,173],"is":[11,119,137],"still":[12],"a":[13,41,51,64,114,130,153,169],"hot":[14],"not":[16,84],"completely":[17],"solved":[18],"topic,":[19],"fostered":[20],"by":[21],"the":[22,59,69,81,95,100,105,123,126,141],"advancement":[23],"technology,":[25],"pervasive":[26,52],"penetration":[28],"mobile":[30],"devices":[31],"novel":[33],"communication":[34],"standards.":[35],"In":[36,58,99],"this":[37],"work,":[38],"we":[39,79],"propose":[40],"two-step":[42],"model-based":[43],"algorithm":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48,87,148],"Bluetooth":[49],"Low-Energy,":[50],"energy":[54],"efficient":[55],"standard":[56],"protocol.":[57],"first":[60],"(i.e.":[61,102],"ranging)":[62],"step":[63],"Kalman":[65],"Filter":[66],"(KF)":[67],"performs":[68],"fusion":[70],"RSSI":[73],"Time-of-Flight":[75],"measurement":[76],"data.":[77],"Thus,":[78],"demonstrate":[80],"benefit":[82],"relying":[85],"only":[86],"RSSI,":[88],"comparing":[89],"ranging":[90],"performed":[91],"with":[92],"or":[93],"without":[94],"help":[96],"ToF.":[98],"second":[101],"positioning)":[103],"step,":[104],"distance":[106],"estimates":[107],"from":[108],"multiple":[109],"anchors":[110],"are":[111],"combined":[112],"into":[113],"quadratic":[115],"cost":[116],"function,":[117],"which":[118],"minimized":[120],"to":[121,139],"determine":[122],"coordinates":[124],"target":[127,145],"node":[128],"in":[129],"planar":[131],"reference":[132],"frame.":[133],"The":[134,158],"proposed":[135],"solution":[136,174],"tailored":[138],"reduce":[140],"computational":[142],"effort":[143],"real-time":[146],"execution":[147],"an":[149,161],"embedded":[150,176],"platform,":[151],"demonstrating":[152,168],"limited":[154],"loss":[155],"performance.":[157],"paper":[159],"presents":[160],"experimental":[162],"setup":[163],"discusses":[165],"meaningful":[166],"results,":[167],"robust":[170],"BLE-based":[171],"for":[175],"systems.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}