{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884310543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533697","title":"An Analytical Study of Time of Flight Error Estimation in Two-Way Ranging Methods","display_name":"An Analytical Study of Time of Flight Error Estimation in Two-Way Ranging Methods","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884310543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533697","mag":"2884310543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2018.8533697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0070-pub-29213132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023520444","display_name":"Cung Lian Sang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-9544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cung Lian Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060845978","display_name":"Michael Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-3654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020066947","display_name":"Timm H\u00f6rmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timm Hormann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071906667","display_name":"Marc Hesse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-3284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Hesse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028498307","display_name":"Mario Porrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1005-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Porrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043372144","display_name":"Ulrich R\u00fcckert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Ruckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitronics and Sensor Systems Group (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.8625108599662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7021352648735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-drift","display_name":"Clock drift","score":0.6404178142547607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5947195291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.5361226797103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4584386646747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4563392698764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44260072708129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.40950557589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3632177710533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1535727083683014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1394214630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1097661554813385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.8625108599662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7021352648735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155837451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069144","display_name":"Clock drift","level":5,"score":0.6404178142547607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5947195291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.5361226797103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4584386646747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4563392698764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44260072708129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.40950557589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3632177710533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1535727083683014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1394214630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1097661554813385}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2018.8533697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2921313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2921313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lian Sang C, Adams M, H\u00f6rmann T, Hesse M, Porrmann M, R\u00fcckert U. An Analytical Study of Time of Flight Error Estimation in Two-Way Ranging Methods. Presented at the 9th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2018), Nantes, France.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2921313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0070-pub-29213132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2921313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0070-pub-29213132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965665622","https://openalex.org/W1967768351","https://openalex.org/W1981861550","https://openalex.org/W2003321974","https://openalex.org/W2007417238","https://openalex.org/W2017422157","https://openalex.org/W2056427390","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2114774401","https://openalex.org/W2123327034","https://openalex.org/W2128807077","https://openalex.org/W2135012673","https://openalex.org/W2145569511","https://openalex.org/W2578085927","https://openalex.org/W2601144101","https://openalex.org/W2740858819","https://openalex.org/W2907001988","https://openalex.org/W6735502754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2056842641","https://openalex.org/W2356054222","https://openalex.org/W2587929255","https://openalex.org/W2390136521","https://openalex.org/W2143367814","https://openalex.org/W2255329889","https://openalex.org/W2621832050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55],"absence":[1],"of":[2,49,84,105],"clock":[3,37,123],"synchronization,":[4],"Two-Way":[5],"Ranging":[6],"(TWR)":[7],"is":[8,33,42,53,94,113],"the":[9,16,29,71,76,103,106,118],"most":[10],"commonly":[11,114],"used":[12,115],"technique":[13],"for":[14,66],"measuring":[15],"distance":[17],"between":[18],"two":[19],"wireless":[20],"transceivers.":[21],"The":[22,92],"existing":[23],"time-of-flight":[24],"(TOF)":[25],"error":[26,63,86,120],"estimation":[27,64,87],"model,":[28,78],"IEEE":[30,72],"802.15.4-2011":[31],"standard,":[32],"specifically":[34],"based":[35,69],"on":[36,70],"drift":[38],"error.":[39],"However,":[40],"it":[41],"insufficient":[43],"when":[44],"an":[45,60,81],"in-depth":[46],"comparative":[47],"analysis":[48],"different":[50,89],"TWR":[51,67,90,109],"methods":[52],"required.":[54],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,79,101],"propose":[59],"extended":[61],"TOF":[62,85,119],"model":[65,93],"methods,":[68],"802.15.4":[73],"standard.":[74],"Using":[75],"proposed":[77],"perform":[80],"analytical":[82],"study":[83],"among":[88],"methods.":[91],"validated":[95],"with":[96],"numerical":[97],"simulation":[98],"results.":[99],"Moreover,":[100],"demonstrate":[102],"pitfalls":[104],"symmetric":[107],"double-sided":[108],"(SDS-TWR)":[110],"method,":[111],"which":[112],"to":[116,122],"reduce":[117],"due":[121],"drifts.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
