{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2182261117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2015.7346761","title":"GIPSy: Geomagnetic indoor positioning system for smartphones","display_name":"GIPSy: Geomagnetic indoor positioning system for smartphones","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2182261117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2015.7346761","mag":"2182261117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2015.7346761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2015.7346761","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053000421","display_name":"S. Golnaz Shahidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shervin Shahidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089951737","display_name":"Shahrokh Valaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahrokh Valaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053000421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88848707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","score":0.8655279874801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7947705388069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.641926646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5820415019989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5316819548606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48110145330429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.4656907320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41625523567199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3639378249645233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3524984121322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30807048082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.27846580743789673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60582962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","level":3,"score":0.8655279874801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947705388069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.641926646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5820415019989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5316819548606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48110145330429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4656907320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41625523567199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3639378249645233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3524984121322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30807048082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.27846580743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2015.7346761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2015.7346761","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978200836","https://openalex.org/W1998988749","https://openalex.org/W2004348403","https://openalex.org/W2027444023","https://openalex.org/W2028620601","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2051568859","https://openalex.org/W2068546584","https://openalex.org/W2090820607","https://openalex.org/W2094998617","https://openalex.org/W2109925410","https://openalex.org/W2113854435","https://openalex.org/W2125172345","https://openalex.org/W2137279681","https://openalex.org/W2162407392","https://openalex.org/W2169462560","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2494980014","https://openalex.org/W4240592325","https://openalex.org/W6673004454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2537762514","https://openalex.org/W2349788282","https://openalex.org/W577271088","https://openalex.org/W2120801881","https://openalex.org/W1982853263","https://openalex.org/W1974473538","https://openalex.org/W2020010749","https://openalex.org/W1974785216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,24],"low":[1],"complexity":[2,36],"and":[3,61],"infrastructure":[4,83],"free":[5],"indoor":[6],"positioning":[7],"system":[8],"is":[9,29,89],"proposed,":[10],"by":[11,39],"tracking":[12],"the":[13,27,35,41,44,64,70,74,85],"users":[14,53],"on":[15,26,73,91],"a":[16,56],"set":[17],"of":[18,37,43,101],"user":[19],"profiles":[20],"via":[21],"Viterbi":[22],"algorithm.":[23],"modification":[25],"implementation":[28],"also":[30],"proposed":[31],"to":[32,54],"further":[33],"optimize":[34],"tracking,":[38],"using":[40],"sparsity":[42],"state":[45],"transition":[46],"probability":[47],"matrix.":[48],"Our":[49],"algorithm":[50,88],"only":[51,68],"requires":[52],"hold":[55],"smartphone,":[57],"in":[58,63,84],"arbitrary":[59],"orientation/gesture":[60],"walk":[62],"building.":[65,86],"Since":[66],"we":[67],"use":[69],"sensors":[71],"embedded":[72],"smartphones,":[75],"this":[76],"approach":[77],"does":[78],"not":[79],"require":[80],"any":[81],"installed":[82],"The":[87],"tested":[90],"real-case":[92],"scenarios":[93],"with":[94],"successfully":[95],"obtaining":[96],"less":[97],"than":[98],"2.5":[99],"meters":[100],"median":[102],"error.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}