{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000195166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817880","title":"Virtual testbed for indoor localization","display_name":"Virtual testbed for indoor localization","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000195166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817880","mag":"2000195166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2013.6817880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088129063","display_name":"Stephan Adler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059285443","display_name":"Simon Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-2130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056732114","display_name":"Heiko Will","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Will","raw_affiliation_strings":["AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023721230","display_name":"Thomas Hillebrandt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hillebrandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033729614","display_name":"Marcel Kyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-3413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Kyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, AG Computer Systems & Telematics, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088129063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73641116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"pp","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.857425332069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8001267910003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.7303276062011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6857522130012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5693368911743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5602084994316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4907165765762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4762054681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.45289862155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.42793968319892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.42501991987228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.41190141439437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3933427035808563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3642648458480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1120222806930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09581845998764038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.857425332069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8001267910003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.7303276062011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6857522130012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5693368911743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5602084994316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4907165765762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4762054681777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.45289862155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.42793968319892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.42501991987228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.41190141439437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3933427035808563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3642648458480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1120222806930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09581845998764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2013.6817880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190640279","https://openalex.org/W432844638","https://openalex.org/W1982320694","https://openalex.org/W1985690925","https://openalex.org/W2008979111","https://openalex.org/W2052967125","https://openalex.org/W2053189518","https://openalex.org/W2061365099","https://openalex.org/W2088041136","https://openalex.org/W2104022413","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2123349299","https://openalex.org/W2157688943","https://openalex.org/W2161249924","https://openalex.org/W2232641051","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W3143738075","https://openalex.org/W4213217764","https://openalex.org/W4244323842","https://openalex.org/W4250657479","https://openalex.org/W6672628603","https://openalex.org/W6678301405","https://openalex.org/W6689626796","https://openalex.org/W6756486208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W2122386400","https://openalex.org/W2006210355","https://openalex.org/W2618200010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,24,38,54,70,75,84,97,112,142,145,158,172,201,218,223,239],"novel,":[3],"easy":[4],"to":[5,19,45,69,107,111,132,138,156,187,230,237],"use":[6],"virtual":[7,173],"testbed":[8,16],"for":[9,163],"the":[10,104,109,133,164,168,213,231,243],"evaluation":[11],"of":[12,27,37,41,53,62,114,160,200,216,242,245],"localization":[13,32,89,105,219],"algorithms.":[14],"Our":[15,148,182,225],"enables":[17,184],"researchers":[18,186],"easily":[20],"run":[21,171,188],"tests":[22],"on":[23,74,191],"huge":[25],"body":[26],"real":[28,192],"world":[29],"range-based":[30],"indoor":[31,248],"data.":[33,194],"The":[34,78,91,118,195],"data":[35,80],"consists":[36,52],"dense":[39],"grid":[40],"reference":[42,79,127,154],"points":[43,155],"belonging":[44],"one":[46],"or":[47],"multiple":[48],"maps.":[49],"Each":[50,65],"point":[51],"ground":[55,98,119],"truth":[56,99,120],"value":[57,67,100,121],"and":[58,101,177,197,204,221,234],"an":[59,125],"arbitrary":[60],"number":[61],"ranging":[63,66,161],"values.":[64],"belongs":[68],"certain":[71],"anchor":[72],"node":[73],"fixed":[76],"position.":[77],"is":[81,122,130,136],"gathered":[82,123,153],"by":[83,124,175],"robot":[85,92],"which":[86,129],"carries":[87],"(arbitrary)":[88],"devices.":[90],"stores":[93],"its":[94],"location":[95],"as":[96,210,212],"simultaneously":[102],"uses":[103,150],"device":[106],"measure":[108],"distance":[110],"set":[113],"anchors":[115],"in":[116],"range.":[117],"optical":[126],"system":[128,149,183,220,226],"applied":[131],"robot.":[134],"It":[135],"possible":[137],"define":[139],"paths":[140],"through":[141],"map":[143],"using":[144],"web":[146],"interface.":[147],"our":[151],"experimental":[152,205],"deliver":[157],"dataset":[159],"values":[162],"current":[165],"path.":[166],"Therefore":[167],"researcher":[169],"can":[170,178,207],"experiment":[174],"himself":[176],"adjust":[179],"several":[180],"parameters.":[181],"other":[185],"reproducible":[189],"experiments":[190],"word":[193],"expensive":[196],"complex":[198],"deployment":[199],"dedicated":[202],"infrastructure":[203],"setup":[206],"be":[208,228],"avoided":[209],"well":[211],"error-prone":[214],"task":[215],"modelling":[217],"running":[222],"simulation.":[224],"will":[227,235],"open":[229],"research":[232],"community":[233],"help":[236],"develop":[238],"better":[240],"understanding":[241],"field":[244],"range":[246],"based":[247],"localization.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
