{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013710860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817878","title":"Identification of vehicle tracks and association to wireless endpoints by multiple sensor modalities","display_name":"Identification of vehicle tracks and association to wireless endpoints by multiple sensor modalities","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013710860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817878","mag":"2013710860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2013.6817878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-303790.html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101425824","display_name":"Daniel Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9241-1744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication, Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication, Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008485671","display_name":"Jens Einsiedler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Einsiedler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication, Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication, Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083893167","display_name":"Bernd Sch\u00e4ufele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155076","display_name":"Daimler Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations","ror":"https://ror.org/048d5b075","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155076","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Schaufele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daimler Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations (DCAITI), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daimler Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations (DCAITI), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072460783","display_name":"Alexander Binder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-6209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Binder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication, Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institut for Open Communication, Technologies (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042365259","display_name":"Ilja Radusch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155076","display_name":"Daimler Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations","ror":"https://ror.org/048d5b075","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155076","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilja Radusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daimler Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations (DCAITI), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daimler Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations (DCAITI), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155076"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101425824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85194908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7016249895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6005768775939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5576834678649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.553686261177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5350355505943298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4459463357925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.43271103501319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.43264642357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4162392318248749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17992717027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09659689664840698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7016249895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6005768775939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5576834678649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.553686261177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5350355505943298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4459463357925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.43271103501319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.43264642357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4162392318248749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17992717027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09659689664840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipin.2013.6817878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-303790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-303790.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FOKUS","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/383094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/383094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-303790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-303790.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FOKUS","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603181551","https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1498122790","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1991198135","https://openalex.org/W1994103948","https://openalex.org/W2008549258","https://openalex.org/W2011793599","https://openalex.org/W2014705906","https://openalex.org/W2053458596","https://openalex.org/W2065896507","https://openalex.org/W2080706886","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2111804516","https://openalex.org/W2122512809","https://openalex.org/W2125593838","https://openalex.org/W2129571831","https://openalex.org/W2137043637","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2160883193","https://openalex.org/W2163385949","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166563909","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2239361673","https://openalex.org/W2507840081","https://openalex.org/W4234438381","https://openalex.org/W6618282216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536127074","https://openalex.org/W3162220967","https://openalex.org/W3135795035","https://openalex.org/W1965517671","https://openalex.org/W2152007080","https://openalex.org/W3217244082","https://openalex.org/W2298040982","https://openalex.org/W2018916889","https://openalex.org/W2145508311","https://openalex.org/W2116822953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"positioning":[1,45,93],"technologies":[2,46],"enable":[3],"a":[4,40,158,202],"broad":[5],"range":[6,42],"of":[7,43,73,88,118],"applications":[8],"and":[9,18,53,143,171,193,204,209,214],"services":[10],"such":[11,33],"as":[12,34,92],"navigation":[13],"systems,":[14],"driver":[15],"assistance":[16],"systems":[17],"self-driving":[19],"vehicles.":[20],"However,":[21],"Global":[22],"Navigation":[23],"Satellite":[24],"Systems":[25],"(GNSS)":[26],"do":[27],"not":[28],"work":[29],"in":[30,80,107,125],"enclosed":[31],"areas":[32],"parking":[35,78],"garages.":[36],"For":[37],"these":[38],"scenarios,":[39],"wide":[41],"indoor":[44],"are":[47,141],"available":[48],"inside":[49],"the":[50,71,77,86,104,108,116,119,123,126,138,149,179,182],"vehicle":[51,163,168],"(internal)":[52],"based":[54,189],"on":[55,59,190],"infrastructure":[56],"(external).":[57],"Based":[58],"our":[60],"previous":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63,156],"use":[64],"off-the-shelf":[65],"network":[66],"video":[67],"cameras":[68],"to":[69,100,103,122,148,177],"detect":[70],"position":[72,121],"moving":[74],"vehicles":[75,136],"within":[76],"garage":[79],"multiple":[81,134,167],"non-overlapping":[82],"camera":[83],"views.":[84],"Towards":[85],"goal":[87],"using":[89],"this":[90,154],"system":[91],"source":[94],"for":[95,195],"vehicles,":[96],"detected":[97],"positions":[98],"need":[99],"be":[101,146,220],"transmitted":[102],"communication":[105],"endpoint":[106,124],"correct":[109,203],"vehicle.":[110,128,151],"The":[111,185],"key":[112],"problem":[113],"thereby":[114],"is":[115,188,212],"association":[117,206],"externally-observed":[120],"corresponding":[127,150],"State-of-the-art":[129],"tracking-by-detection":[130],"techniques":[131],"can":[132,219],"differentiate":[133],"camera-detected":[135,175,210],"but":[137],"generated":[139],"tracks":[140,176,211],"anonymous":[142],"cannot":[144],"inherently":[145],"associated":[147],"To":[152],"bridge":[153],"gap,":[155],"present":[157],"tracking-by-identification":[159],"solution":[160],"which":[161],"analyzes":[162],"movement":[164],"patterns":[165],"by":[166],"sensor":[169],"modalities":[170],"compares":[172],"them":[173],"with":[174,181],"identify":[178],"track":[180],"best":[183],"correlation.":[184],"presented":[186],"approach":[187],"Kalman":[191],"Filters":[192],"suitable":[194],"real-time":[196],"operation.":[197],"Test":[198],"results":[199],"show":[200],"that":[201,215],"robust":[205],"between":[207],"endpoints":[208],"achieved":[213],"occurring":[216],"identity":[217],"switches":[218],"resolved.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}