{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098257570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2004.1302962","title":"Parallel Brutus: the first distributed, FPGA accelerated chess program","display_name":"Parallel Brutus: the first distributed, FPGA accelerated chess program","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098257570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2004.1302962","mag":"2098257570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipdps.2004.1302962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2004.1302962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110357939","display_name":"Chrilly Donninger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Donninger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Paderborn Univ., Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Paderborn Univ., Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112822728","display_name":"Austria Kure","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Paderborn Univ., Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Paderborn Univ., Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109720009","display_name":"Ulf Lorenz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Lorenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Paderborn Univ., Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Paderborn Univ., Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77354124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":null,"first_page":"44","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8491142392158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-chess","display_name":"Computer chess","score":0.5951755046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5893242359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament","display_name":"Tournament","score":0.52857905626297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5122160315513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46071892976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.43542367219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3464944362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.34530210494995117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8491142392158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550222582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122588","display_name":"Computer chess","level":3,"score":0.5951755046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5893242359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.52857905626297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5122160315513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46071892976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.43542367219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3464944362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.34530210494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779501167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079023","display_name":"Championship","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipdps.2004.1302962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2004.1302962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.85.5125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.85.5125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wwwcs.upb.de/cs/ag-monien/PERSONAL/FLULO/publications/ipdps04.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130194120","https://openalex.org/W1556461797","https://openalex.org/W1970647289","https://openalex.org/W1990015116","https://openalex.org/W1992249923","https://openalex.org/W2024020624","https://openalex.org/W2072916763","https://openalex.org/W2088182101","https://openalex.org/W2157803532","https://openalex.org/W2202514763","https://openalex.org/W2911331255","https://openalex.org/W2914871057","https://openalex.org/W3022656648","https://openalex.org/W3098199328","https://openalex.org/W4213282418","https://openalex.org/W4249267439","https://openalex.org/W4298387108","https://openalex.org/W6605293977","https://openalex.org/W6758897694","https://openalex.org/W6820381225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123786980","https://openalex.org/W2994965880","https://openalex.org/W944173080","https://openalex.org/W2081913054","https://openalex.org/W3045527520","https://openalex.org/W4230362051","https://openalex.org/W2805458032","https://openalex.org/W2792014513","https://openalex.org/W152699463","https://openalex.org/W2787615949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"form":[1],"only":[2,140],"given.":[3],"As":[4],"FPGA":[5,235],"technology":[6],"has":[7,22,102,128,175],"reached":[8,130],"maturity":[9],"such":[10,133],"that":[11,124,134],"complex":[12],"designs":[13],"are":[14,151],"possible,":[15],"the":[16,41,104,107,115,121,156,162,170,204,209,213,218,238,246],"border":[17],"between":[18],"hardware":[19,194,199],"and":[20,167,185,195,256],"software":[21,196],"vanished.":[23],"It":[24],"is":[25,50,62,189,220,226],"now":[26,129],"possible":[27],"to":[28,52,87,229,230],"develop":[29,231],"fine":[30],"grained":[31,55],"parallel":[32,56],"applications":[33],"without":[34,244],"long-lasting":[35],"chip":[36],"design":[37,163],"cycles.":[38],"Simultaneously,":[39],"by":[40,222],"help":[42],"of":[43,95,106,169,208,240],"message":[44],"passing":[45],"libraries":[46],"like":[47,76],"MPI":[48],"it":[49,225],"easy":[51],"write":[53],"coarse":[54],"applications.":[57],"The":[58,91,126,198,215,234],"chess":[59,108,118,136,171,242],"program":[60,99,137,172],"Brutus":[61,188,250],"a":[63,89,96,131,135,145,193],"high":[64],"level":[65],"application,":[66],"which":[67,174],"profits":[68],"from":[69],"both":[70],"worlds.":[71],"When":[72],"playing":[73,98],"board":[74],"games":[75],"chess,":[77],"checkers,":[78],"othello":[79],"etc.,":[80],"computers":[81],"use":[82],"game":[83,97],"tree":[84,211],"search":[85,210],"algorithms":[86],"evaluate":[88],"position.":[90],"most":[92],"spectacular":[93],"success":[94],"so":[100],"far,":[101],"been":[103],"victory":[105],"machine":[109],"'Deep":[110],"Blue'":[111],"vs.":[112],"G.":[113],"Kasparov,":[114],"best":[116,157],"human":[117,146,158],"player":[119],"in":[120],"world":[122,127],"at":[123],"time.":[125],"point":[132],"can":[138],"not":[139],"win":[141],"one":[142],"match":[143],"against":[144],"top":[147],"player,":[148],"but":[149],"they":[150],"just":[152,176],"getting":[153],"stronger":[154],"than":[155],"players.":[159],"We":[160],"describe":[161],"philosophy,":[164],"general":[165],"architecture":[166],"performance":[168],"Brutus,":[173],"won":[177],"an":[178],"International":[179],"Grandmaster":[180],"Tournament":[181],"with":[182],"seven":[183],"wins":[184],"four":[186],"draws.":[187],"split":[190],"up":[191],"into":[192],"engine.":[197],"(FPGA":[200],"simulated":[201],"hardware)":[202],"calculates":[203],"time":[205],"critical":[206],"part":[207,216],"near":[212,217],"leaves.":[214],"root":[219],"done":[221],"software,":[223],"because":[224],"much":[227],"easier":[228],"sophisticated":[232,241],"algorithms.":[233],"cards":[236],"allow":[237],"implementation":[239],"knowledge":[243],"decreasing":[245],"computational":[247],"speed.":[248],"Thus,":[249],"follows":[251],"its":[252],"famous":[253],"predecessors":[254],"Belle":[255],"Deep":[257],"Blue.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
