{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406859142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc59868.2024.10850137","title":"AST-Trans: Detecting Web Tracking using Transformer-based Deep Learning with Abstract Syntax Tree","display_name":"AST-Trans: Detecting Web Tracking using Transformer-based Deep Learning with Abstract Syntax Tree","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406859142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc59868.2024.10850137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc59868.2024.10850137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc59868.2024.10850137","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010682371","display_name":"Yong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-3028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072186998","display_name":"Ziling Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7858-1445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziling Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383303","display_name":"Lin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-8881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053674695","display_name":"Shuhui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055375948","display_name":"Jinshu Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinshu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Computer,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80915775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9596999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9596999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7768576145172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.650337815284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.538979172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5179471373558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.48118335008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.47991976141929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09215280413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.04933369159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.04285508394241333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7768576145172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.650337815284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.538979172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5179471373558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.48118335008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.47991976141929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09215280413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.04933369159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.04285508394241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc59868.2024.10850137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc59868.2024.10850137","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966175380","https://openalex.org/W2000137535","https://openalex.org/W2159764755","https://openalex.org/W2201484187","https://openalex.org/W2256284630","https://openalex.org/W2288305733","https://openalex.org/W2341516340","https://openalex.org/W2417730926","https://openalex.org/W2520877058","https://openalex.org/W2620476287","https://openalex.org/W2889000693","https://openalex.org/W2963646714","https://openalex.org/W2980710364","https://openalex.org/W2981241721","https://openalex.org/W3140911083","https://openalex.org/W3153365264","https://openalex.org/W3154012499","https://openalex.org/W3156250751","https://openalex.org/W3213211985","https://openalex.org/W4323980802","https://openalex.org/W4367047032","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386260622","https://openalex.org/W6810339553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077104824","https://openalex.org/W4294658953","https://openalex.org/W2536864162","https://openalex.org/W2390421503","https://openalex.org/W2364428493","https://openalex.org/W4400066978","https://openalex.org/W44541701","https://openalex.org/W2387926336","https://openalex.org/W2385522099","https://openalex.org/W2354135050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web":[0],"tracking":[1,34,44,117,125,137,165,184],"has":[2],"become":[3],"a":[4,31,69,92,107],"key":[5],"tool":[6],"for":[7,63,83],"service":[8],"providers":[9],"to":[10,75,95,114,161],"collect":[11],"online":[12],"data":[13],"and":[14,41,131,163],"analyze":[15],"user":[16],"behaviors,":[17],"raising":[18],"concerns":[19],"about":[20],"the":[21,55,57,64,97,120,123,136,146,149,171,178,183,193,196,200],"privacy":[22],"of":[23,148,195],"Internet":[24],"users.":[25],"In":[26,54,189],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,90,133,191],"propose":[30],"new":[32],"web":[33,43,116],"detection":[35],"method,":[36,56,122,151],"namely":[37],"AST-Trans,":[38],"which":[39],"detects":[40],"removes":[42],"behavior":[45,185],"using":[46],"Transformer-based":[47,108],"deep":[48,84,109],"learning":[49,110],"with":[50,140,155,170,186],"abstract":[51,58],"syntax":[52,59],"trees.":[53],"tree":[60,99],"is":[61,73,112,159],"built":[62],"detected":[65],"website":[66,142,201],"codes.":[67,166],"Then,":[68],"sequence":[70],"generation":[71],"algorithm":[72,111],"proposed":[74,121,150,179],"convert":[76],"tree-like":[77],"code":[78,98,126,138],"structures":[79],"into":[80],"one-dimensional":[81],"sequences":[82],"models.":[85],"To":[86,144],"enhance":[87],"training":[88],"efficiency,":[89],"devise":[91],"reduction":[93],"strategy":[94],"simplify":[96],"structure":[100],"by":[101,198],"introducing":[102],"equivalent":[103],"nodes.":[104],"After":[105],"that,":[106],"introduced":[113],"realize":[115],"detection.":[118],"By":[119],"exact":[124],"blocks":[127],"can":[128,134,181],"be":[129],"identified,":[130],"thus,":[132],"implement":[135],"removal":[139],"minimum":[141],"breakage.":[143,203],"verify":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"an":[152],"HTTPS":[153],"proxy":[154],"AST-Trans":[156,169],"on":[157],"it":[158],"implemented":[160],"detect":[162,182],"remove":[164],"We":[167],"evaluate":[168],"TrackSign-labeled":[172],"dataset.":[173],"The":[174],"results":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177],"method":[180,197],"high":[187],"precision.":[188],"addition,":[190],"validate":[192],"feasibility":[194],"measuring":[199],"page":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
