{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304820458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894318","title":"Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in RS-485 Traffic using Autoencoders with Unobtrusive Measurement","display_name":"Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in RS-485 Traffic using Autoencoders with Unobtrusive Measurement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304820458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017606880","display_name":"Pawissakan Chirupphapa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawissakan Chirupphapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Tokyo,Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012836895","display_name":"Md Delwar Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-0704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Delwar Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology,Division of Information Science,Ikoma,Nara,Japan","Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology,Division of Information Science,Ikoma,Nara,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052106822","display_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Tokyo,Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045456657","display_name":"Hideya Ochiai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-6726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideya Ochiai","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Tokyo,Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85986741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modbus","display_name":"Modbus","score":0.8829573392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7311980724334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.6518404483795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6322788000106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4321296215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.41648513078689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41366058588027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3941524624824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3457299470901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3452589809894562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-protocol","display_name":"Communications protocol","score":0.20890960097312927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776666747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135322","display_name":"Modbus","level":3,"score":0.8829573392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7311980724334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.6518404483795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6322788000106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4321296215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.41648513078689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41366058588027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3941524624824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3457299470901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3452589809894562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.20890960097312927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001819211","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2518776528","https://openalex.org/W2622127425","https://openalex.org/W2755148105","https://openalex.org/W2785362611","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W2893861039","https://openalex.org/W2901773810","https://openalex.org/W2964887849","https://openalex.org/W3011824189","https://openalex.org/W3047042875","https://openalex.org/W3096918578","https://openalex.org/W3098957257","https://openalex.org/W3155567600","https://openalex.org/W3192648431","https://openalex.org/W3206529838","https://openalex.org/W4206100933","https://openalex.org/W4206497059","https://openalex.org/W4225927428","https://openalex.org/W4312402222","https://openalex.org/W6720514713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578384606","https://openalex.org/W3208265074","https://openalex.org/W4297097635","https://openalex.org/W4213209911","https://openalex.org/W4285233543","https://openalex.org/W79658127","https://openalex.org/W4285276948","https://openalex.org/W3216837083","https://openalex.org/W4230838436","https://openalex.org/W2418427999"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remotely":[0],"connected":[1],"devices":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"adopted":[5],"in":[6,17,41,54,90,97,111,119,194],"several":[7],"industrial":[8,71,91,125,196],"control":[9,92,126,197],"systems":[10],"(ICS)":[11],"recently":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,26,94,106,161,183],"the":[15,18,32,35,47,70,98,120,124,147,184,195],"advancement":[16],"Industrial":[19],"Internet":[20],"of":[21,31,34,69,102,123,132,176],"Things":[22],"(IIoT).":[23],"This":[24],"led":[25],"new":[27],"security":[28,83],"vulnerabilities":[29],"because":[30],"expansion":[33],"attack":[36],"surface.":[37],"Moreover,":[38],"cybersecurity":[39],"incidents":[40],"critical":[42],"infrastructures":[43],"are":[44,51,128,159],"increasing.":[45],"In":[46,146],"ICS,":[48],"RS-485":[49,76,112,137],"cables":[50],"widely":[52],"used":[53],"its":[55],"network":[56,72,127],"for":[57],"serial":[58],"communication":[59,96],"between":[60],"each":[61],"component.":[62],"However,":[63],"almost":[64],"30":[65],"years":[66],"ago,":[67],"most":[68],"protocols":[73],"implemented":[74],"over":[75],"such":[77],"as":[78],"Modbus":[79],"were":[80],"designed":[81],"without":[82],"features.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"anomaly":[86,109],"detection":[87,110],"is":[88,105,135,139],"required":[89],"networks":[93],"secure":[95],"systems.":[99],"The":[100,130,164],"goal":[101],"this":[103],"paper":[104],"study":[107],"unsupervised":[108],"traffic":[113,138,173,186],"using":[114],"autoencoders.":[115],"Five":[116],"threat":[117],"scenarios":[118],"physical":[121],"layer":[122],"proposed.":[129],"novelty":[131],"our":[133,188],"method":[134,189],"that":[136,167],"collected":[140],"indirectly":[141],"by":[142],"an":[143],"analog-to-digital":[144],"converter.":[145],"experiments,":[148],"multilayer":[149],"perceptron":[150],"(MLP),":[151],"1D":[152],"convolutional,":[153],"Long":[154],"Short-Term":[155],"Memory":[156],"(LSTM)":[157],"autoencoders":[158,169],"trained":[160],"detect":[162,171],"anomalies.":[163],"results":[165],"show":[166],"three":[168],"effectively":[170],"anomalous":[172],"with":[174],"F1-scores":[175],"0.963,":[177],"0.949,":[178],"and":[179],"0.928":[180],"respectively.":[181],"Due":[182],"indirect":[185],"collection,":[187],"can":[190],"be":[191],"practically":[192],"applied":[193],"network.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}