{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304820085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894306","title":"Optimal Incentive Mechanisms for Fair and Equitable Rewards in PoS Blockchains","display_name":"Optimal Incentive Mechanisms for Fair and Equitable Rewards in PoS Blockchains","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304820085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034006454","display_name":"Hadi Sahin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Sahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Wireless and Security Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless and Security Lab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078029373","display_name":"Kemal Akkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-4545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemal Akkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Wireless and Security Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless and Security Lab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028108461","display_name":"Sukumar Ganapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukumar Ganapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Public Policy and Administration Florida International University,Miami,Florida 33199,USA","Dept. of Public Policy and Administration Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Public Policy and Administration Florida International University,Miami,Florida 33199,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Public Policy and Administration Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81076083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.8878965377807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6183062791824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5263102054595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.44441288709640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-compatibility","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","score":0.42851340770721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42496445775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3843516707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.268163800239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.26453107595443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.23362097144126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19511198997497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.090325266122818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8878965377807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6183062791824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5263102054595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.44441288709640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91810955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7731670","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","level":3,"score":0.42851340770721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42496445775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3843516707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.268163800239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.26453107595443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.23362097144126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19511198997497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.090325266122818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc55026.2022.9894306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491626815","https://openalex.org/W2127238399","https://openalex.org/W2317739826","https://openalex.org/W2562159497","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2912949778","https://openalex.org/W2934929315","https://openalex.org/W2938561054","https://openalex.org/W2969971691","https://openalex.org/W2981749566","https://openalex.org/W3018524397","https://openalex.org/W3046813974","https://openalex.org/W3090781221","https://openalex.org/W3097679450","https://openalex.org/W3106724711","https://openalex.org/W3111364407","https://openalex.org/W3123479777","https://openalex.org/W3123500012","https://openalex.org/W3123713678","https://openalex.org/W3138166792","https://openalex.org/W3149239394","https://openalex.org/W3166996293","https://openalex.org/W3167877708","https://openalex.org/W3208777220","https://openalex.org/W4234461570","https://openalex.org/W4281615854","https://openalex.org/W4301166131","https://openalex.org/W6789398414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616147445","https://openalex.org/W4226342144","https://openalex.org/W4285256911","https://openalex.org/W2027401479","https://openalex.org/W1511891427","https://openalex.org/W4205841322","https://openalex.org/W3205476572","https://openalex.org/W2130024741","https://openalex.org/W2333722930","https://openalex.org/W4304820085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technology":[1],"that":[2,22,39,154],"came":[3],"with":[4],"the":[5,15,32],"introduction":[6],"of":[7,17,28,45,52,60,77,102,130,156,170],"Bitcoin":[8],"offers":[9],"many":[10],"powerful":[11],"use-cases":[12],"while":[13,80],"promising":[14],"establishment":[16],"distributed":[18,36],"autonomous":[19],"organizations":[20],"(DAOs)":[21],"may":[23],"transform":[24],"our":[25,157],"current":[26,96],"understanding":[27],"client-server":[29],"interactions":[30],"on":[31,56],"cyberspace.":[33],"They":[34],"employ":[35],"consensus":[37,61,97],"mechanisms":[38,70,115,159],"were":[40],"subject":[41],"to":[42,67,73,91,148],"a":[43,74,117],"lot":[44],"research":[46,54],"in":[47,127,141],"recent":[48],"years.":[49],"While":[50],"most":[51],"such":[53],"focused":[55],"security":[57],"and":[58,105,111,120,163,173],"performance":[59],"protocols,":[62],"less":[63],"attention":[64],"was":[65],"given":[66],"their":[68],"incentive":[69,93,114,134],"which":[71,142],"relate":[72],"critical":[75],"feature":[76],"blockchains.":[78],"Unfortunately,":[79],"blockchains":[81],"are":[82,87],"advocating":[83],"decentralized":[84,119],"operations,":[85],"they":[86],"not":[88],"egalitarian":[89],"due":[90],"existing":[92,128],"mechanisms.":[94],"Many":[95],"protocols":[98],"inadvertently":[99],"incentivize":[100],"centralization":[101],"mining":[103],"power":[104],"inequitable":[106],"participation.":[107,122],"This":[108],"paper":[109],"explores":[110],"evaluates":[112],"alternative":[113,158],"for":[116,168],"more":[118,146],"equitable":[121],"We":[123],"first":[124],"evaluate":[125],"inequality":[126,162],"Proof":[129],"Stake":[131],"(PoS)":[132],"based":[133],"mechanisms,":[135],"then":[136],"we":[137,152],"examine":[138],"three":[139],"alternatives":[140],"rewards":[143],"scheme":[144],"is":[145],"partial":[147],"low-stakeholders.":[149],"Through":[150],"simulation,":[151],"show":[153],"two":[155],"can":[160],"reduce":[161],"offer":[164],"an":[165],"attractive":[166],"solution":[167],"sustainability":[169],"blockchain-based":[171],"applications":[172],"DAOs.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}