{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193759592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc51483.2021.9679415","title":"Learning to Detect: A Data-driven Approach for Network Intrusion Detection","display_name":"Learning to Detect: A Data-driven Approach for Network Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193759592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc51483.2021.9679415","mag":"3193759592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc51483.2021.9679415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc51483.2021.9679415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://commons.erau.edu/publication/1769","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085908794","display_name":"Zachary Tauscher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","display_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010jskt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Tauscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006087820","display_name":"Yushan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-7534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","display_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010jskt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702869","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","display_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010jskt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370341","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-6971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","display_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010jskt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079301418","display_name":"Houbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","display_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010jskt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Daytona Beach,FL,USA,32114","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.831642746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7549077272415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6715399622917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6684547066688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.5473731160163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49680808186531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnectivity","display_name":"Interconnectivity","score":0.48205170035362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.46302810311317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45013323426246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.44670945405960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4210038185119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4193270206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14113545417785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.10087090730667114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.831642746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7549077272415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6715399622917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6684547066688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.5473731160163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49680808186531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.48205170035362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.46302810311317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45013323426246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.44670945405960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4210038185119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4193270206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14113545417785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.10087090730667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipccc51483.2021.9679415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipccc51483.2021.9679415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.erau.edu:publication-2779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.erau.edu/publication/1769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196356","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","host_organization_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:houbing_song-1576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/houbing_song/449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196356","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","host_organization_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Houbing Song","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.erau.edu:publication-2779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.erau.edu/publication/1769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196356","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84475105","host_organization_name":"Embry\u2013Riddle Aeronautical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84475105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1851171594","https://openalex.org/W2046163812","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2112086364","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2129050419","https://openalex.org/W2133590498","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2168508521","https://openalex.org/W2305409997","https://openalex.org/W2548532227","https://openalex.org/W2746170296","https://openalex.org/W2908818413","https://openalex.org/W2950204666","https://openalex.org/W2956144022","https://openalex.org/W2971489520","https://openalex.org/W2972414240","https://openalex.org/W2986455874","https://openalex.org/W3006761813","https://openalex.org/W3007238289","https://openalex.org/W3008195198","https://openalex.org/W3082065751","https://openalex.org/W3100068262","https://openalex.org/W3100989807","https://openalex.org/W3153872861","https://openalex.org/W6742677704","https://openalex.org/W7016021835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061466315","https://openalex.org/W2376886931","https://openalex.org/W2010561419","https://openalex.org/W2374845301","https://openalex.org/W2351448539","https://openalex.org/W1977863481","https://openalex.org/W2384741105","https://openalex.org/W1495178644","https://openalex.org/W2185594426","https://openalex.org/W2377372927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"massive":[1],"data":[2,122],"being":[3],"generated":[4],"daily":[5],"and":[6,32,52,65,88,94,132,137],"the":[7,11,71,86,96,105,108,121,135,138,141],"ever-increasing":[8],"interconnectivity":[9],"of":[10,99,107,140],"world\u2019s":[12],"Internet":[13],"infrastructures,":[14],"a":[15,25,40,45,81,145,150],"machine":[16],"learning":[17,64,67,73,111],"based":[18],"intrusion":[19,77,87,115],"detection":[20,116],"system":[21],"(IDS)":[22],"has":[23],"become":[24],"vital":[26],"component":[27],"to":[28,57],"protect":[29],"our":[30],"economic":[31],"national":[33],"security.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,79,119],"perform":[39],"comprehensive":[41],"study":[42],"on":[43],"NSL-KDD,":[44],"network":[46,148],"traffic":[47],"dataset,":[48],"by":[49],"visualizing":[50],"patterns":[51],"employing":[53],"different":[54],"learning-based":[55],"models":[56,68],"detect":[58],"cyber":[59],"attacks.":[60],"Unlike":[61],"previous":[62],"shallow":[63],"deep":[66,146],"that":[69],"use":[70],"single":[72],"model":[74,112],"approach":[75],"for":[76],"detection,":[78],"adopt":[80],"hierarchy":[82],"strategy,":[83],"in":[84,113,129],"which":[85],"normal":[89],"behavior":[90],"are":[91,101],"classified":[92],"firstly,":[93],"then":[95],"specific":[97],"types":[98],"attacks":[100],"classified.":[102],"We":[103],"demonstrate":[104,134],"advantage":[106],"unsupervised":[109],"representation":[110],"binary":[114],"tasks.":[117],"Besides,":[118],"alleviate":[120],"imbalance":[123],"problem":[124],"with":[125,144],"SVM-SMOTE":[126],"oversampling":[127,142],"technique":[128],"4-class":[130],"classification":[131],"further":[133],"effectiveness":[136],"drawback":[139],"mechanism":[143],"neural":[147],"as":[149],"base":[151],"model.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}