{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128901822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipas50080.2020.9334930","title":"Improving CNN-based colorization of B&amp;W photographs","display_name":"Improving CNN-based colorization of B&amp;W photographs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128901822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipas50080.2020.9334930","mag":"3128901822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipas50080.2020.9334930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipas50080.2020.9334930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 4th International Conference on Image Processing, Applications and Systems (IPAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015458676","display_name":"Sanae Boutarfass","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78744979","display_name":"La Rochelle Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv1z119","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanae Boutarfass","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIA Laboratory, University of La Rochelle, LA ROCHELLE, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIA Laboratory, University of La Rochelle, LA ROCHELLE, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083555795","display_name":"Bernard Besserer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78744979","display_name":"La Rochelle Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv1z119","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Besserer","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIA Laboratory, University of La Rochelle, LA ROCHELLE, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIA Laboratory, University of La Rochelle, LA ROCHELLE, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78744979"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75375221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"96","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7889680862426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.6835271120071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.674958348274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49043557047843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palette","display_name":"Palette (painting)","score":0.4801004230976105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.4246044456958771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4213160276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4181540906429291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35723376274108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.338601291179657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889680862426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.6835271120071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.674958348274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49043557047843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425548","display_name":"Palette (painting)","level":2,"score":0.4801004230976105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4246044456958771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4213160276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4181540906429291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35723376274108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.338601291179657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ipas50080.2020.9334930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ipas50080.2020.9334930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 4th International Conference on Image Processing, Applications and Systems (IPAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007607024","https://openalex.org/W2103155998","https://openalex.org/W2136154655","https://openalex.org/W2159379844","https://openalex.org/W2295537950","https://openalex.org/W2308529009","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2345042651","https://openalex.org/W2398078772","https://openalex.org/W2461158874","https://openalex.org/W2612063021","https://openalex.org/W2787737046","https://openalex.org/W2792021479","https://openalex.org/W2963904861","https://openalex.org/W3102726805","https://openalex.org/W6675306007","https://openalex.org/W6704471620","https://openalex.org/W6748189757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384383935","https://openalex.org/W4234082839","https://openalex.org/W2509410833","https://openalex.org/W3183827559","https://openalex.org/W2004761075","https://openalex.org/W2368237188","https://openalex.org/W2890578708","https://openalex.org/W115686965","https://openalex.org/W2271416750","https://openalex.org/W4298501565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Colorization":[0],"is":[1,126,185],"the":[2,27,30,37,54,71,75,81,129,144,154,158,181,198],"process":[3],"of":[4,13,16,60,77,165,177],"converting":[5],"a":[6,20,137,162,175],"black":[7],"and":[8,63,92,98,101,120,140,167],"white":[9],"image":[10,200],"-":[11,18],"lot":[12],"different":[14],"shades":[15],"gray":[17],"into":[19,68],"realistic":[21],"colour":[22,61,66,79,150],"image.":[23],"Our":[24],"contribution":[25,76],"highlights":[26],"fact":[28,53],"that":[29],"CNNs":[31],"used":[32,40],"for":[33,41,107,174,188],"colorization":[34,104,145],"(and":[35],"specifically":[36],"data":[38,55,130],"set":[39],"their":[42,124],"training)":[43],"are":[44,57,86],"not":[45],"adequate":[46],"to":[47,73,80,153,157,180,202],"colourize":[48],"legacy":[49],"B&W":[50,199],"pictures.":[51],"In":[52],"sets":[56],"exclusively":[58],"composed":[59],"images,":[62],"turning":[64],"these":[65,108,168],"images":[67,178],"greyscale":[69],"pushes":[70],"CNN":[72,85,155],"learn":[74],"each":[78],"resulting":[82],"luminance.":[83],"Anyway,":[84],"quite":[87],"good":[88],"in":[89,128,143],"classification":[90],"task":[91],"can":[93],"easily":[94],"recognize":[95],"skies,":[96],"trees":[97],"foliage,":[99],"faces":[100],"persons.":[102],"The":[103],"works":[105],"well":[106],"elements,":[109],"but":[110,206],"it":[111],"fails":[112],"even":[113,203],"on":[114],"memorable":[115],"objects":[116],"such":[117],"as":[118],"flags":[119],"well-known":[121],"monuments":[122],"albeit":[123],"representation":[125],"present":[127],"sets.":[131],"We":[132],"make":[133],"improvement":[134],"by":[135,194],"using":[136],"pretrained":[138],"network":[139],"add":[141],"hints":[142,148,169,193],"process.":[146],"Global":[147],"(a":[149],"palette":[151],"given":[152],"conjointly":[156],"image)":[159],"still":[160],"leave":[161],"high":[163],"degree":[164],"automation,":[166],"could":[170],"be":[171],"provided":[172],"once":[173],"collection":[176],"related":[179],"same":[182],"theme,":[183],"which":[184],"very":[186],"suitable":[187],"movie":[189],"colorization.":[190],"Adding":[191],"manual":[192],"scribbling":[195],"colours":[196],"onto":[197],"leads":[201],"better":[204],"results":[205],"needs":[207],"user":[208],"interaction.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
