{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313886822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.001.2200129","title":"How Reinforcement Learning is Helping to Solve Internet-of-Underwater-Things Problems","display_name":"How Reinforcement Learning is Helping to Solve Internet-of-Underwater-Things Problems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313886822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.001.2200129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iotm.001.2200129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.001.2200129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201254","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","issn_l":"2576-3180","issn":["2576-3180","2576-3199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005666758","display_name":"Kenechi G. Omeke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-9679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenechi G. Omeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,UK","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038909502","display_name":"Attai Ibrahim Abubakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-4950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attai I. Abubakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,UK","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075816408","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,UK","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,UK","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,UK","School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005666758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84387161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"24","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8395797610282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7366234064102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6935775279998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6047598123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5410313606262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5272062420845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4404344856739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.41417810320854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17755600810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15660572052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.12528449296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1030476987361908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8395797610282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7366234064102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6935775279998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6047598123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5410313606262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5272062420845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4404344856739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.41417810320854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17755600810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15660572052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.12528449296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1030476987361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iotm.001.2200129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iotm.001.2200129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201254","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","issn_l":"2576-3180","issn":["2576-3180","2576-3199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:284417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:284417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036098206","https://openalex.org/W2908261578","https://openalex.org/W2954232543","https://openalex.org/W2963308241","https://openalex.org/W3005294098","https://openalex.org/W3023038016","https://openalex.org/W3038282378","https://openalex.org/W3113072632","https://openalex.org/W3121887140","https://openalex.org/W3126030386","https://openalex.org/W3156032009","https://openalex.org/W3211583675","https://openalex.org/W3213555525","https://openalex.org/W4225712251","https://openalex.org/W4287750003","https://openalex.org/W4293353513","https://openalex.org/W6780856455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081304190","https://openalex.org/W2477841276","https://openalex.org/W4225540233","https://openalex.org/W1989468614","https://openalex.org/W46613192","https://openalex.org/W2556643280","https://openalex.org/W4285703999","https://openalex.org/W2185568765","https://openalex.org/W2353494610","https://openalex.org/W3214188517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,77,147,198],"present":[1],"a":[2,73],"review":[3,79],"of":[4,14,28,50,62,103,151,158,194,205,207],"how":[5],"reinforcement":[6],"learning":[7,68,123],"(RL)":[8],"is":[9,58,126,142],"helping":[10],"to":[11,71,89,120,168],"tackle":[12],"some":[13,206,212],"the":[15,20,33,51,60,80,139,149,172,179,192,200],"most":[16],"challenging":[17],"problems":[18,92,160,190],"in":[19,53,93,105,132,153,178,191,196],"Internet-of-underwater-things":[21],"(IoUTs).":[22],"Scientists":[23],"estimate":[24],"that":[25,36,99,110,165,175],"50-80":[26],"percent":[27],"atmospheric":[29],"oxygen":[30],"comes":[31],"from":[32],"ocean,":[34],"implying":[35],"life":[37,55],"on":[38,42,56],"earth":[39,57],"depends":[40],"heavily":[41],"clean":[43],"and":[44,66,85,108,115,144,161,187,210],"healthy":[45],"oceans.":[46],"This":[47],"huge":[48],"significance":[49],"ocean":[52],"supporting":[54],"motivating":[59],"use":[61,193],"artificial":[63],"intelligence":[64],"(AI)":[65],"machine":[67],"(ML)":[69],"tools":[70],"create":[72],"sustainable":[74],"marine":[75],"ecosystem.":[76],"briefly":[78],"RL":[81,86,104,125,152,163,180,195],"paradigm,":[82],"its":[83,121],"categorisations":[84],"algorithms":[87,164],"developed":[88],"solve":[90],"important":[91],"IoUTs.":[94,197],"New":[95],"literature":[96],"keeps":[97],"emerging":[98],"show":[100],"innovative":[101],"applications":[102,150],"underwater":[106,137],"communications":[107],"networking":[109],"far":[111],"outperform":[112],"conventional":[113],"solutions":[114],"other":[116],"ML-based":[117],"methods.":[118],"Due":[119],"online":[122],"nature,":[124],"particularly":[127],"useful":[128],"for":[129],"decision":[130],"making":[131],"dynamic":[133],"environments":[134],"such":[135],"as":[136],"where":[138],"communication":[140],"channel":[141],"stochastic":[143],"rapidly":[145],"varying.":[146],"explore":[148],"IoUTs,":[154],"showing":[155],"different":[156],"classes":[157],"IoUTs":[159],"high-lighting":[162],"are":[166,183],"tailored":[167],"solving":[169],"them.":[170],"Despite":[171],"significant":[173],"progress":[174],"has":[176],"made":[177],"field,":[181],"there":[182],"still":[184],"many":[185],"challenges":[186,209],"open":[188],"research":[189],"conclude":[199],"article":[201],"with":[202],"an":[203],"outline":[204],"these":[208],"suggest":[211],"ways":[213],"forward.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}