{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386211398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224865","title":"TREFU: An Online Error Detecting and Correcting Fault Tolerant GPGPU Architecture","display_name":"TREFU: An Online Error Detecting and Correcting Fault Tolerant GPGPU Architecture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386211398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 29th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090831000","display_name":"K K Raghunandana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289461252","display_name":"Indian Space Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwrns71","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289461252","https://openalex.org/I3148377317"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raghunandana K K","raw_affiliation_strings":["U R Rao Satellite Center,Bangalore,India","U R Rao Satellite Center, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U R Rao Satellite Center,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289461252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U R Rao Satellite Center, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289461252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092705469","display_name":"Varaprasad B.K.S.V.L.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289461252","display_name":"Indian Space Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwrns71","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289461252","https://openalex.org/I3148377317"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varaprasad B.K.S.V.L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSCE,Dept. of ISE,Bangalore,India","Dept. of ISE, DSCE, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSCE,Dept. of ISE,Bangalore,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289461252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of ISE, DSCE, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058555274","display_name":"M. Sonza Reorda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sonza Reorda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino,Torino,Italy","Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino,Torino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073587430","display_name":"Virendra Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-7844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virendra Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay Mumbai,India","Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Bombay Mumbai,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090831000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289461252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7156093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8532329797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5923606157302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5917483568191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-error","display_name":"Soft error","score":0.5763787627220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5723950862884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.5587396621704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5387294292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.521135151386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.4772108197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4593809247016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprocessor","display_name":"Coprocessor","score":0.41586828231811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.2473706305027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2140863537788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1162867546081543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8532329797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5923606157302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5917483568191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.5763787627220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5723950862884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.5587396621704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5387294292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.521135151386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.4772108197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4593809247016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86111242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859595","display_name":"Coprocessor","level":2,"score":0.41586828231811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.2473706305027008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2140863537788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1162867546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 29th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1453801315","https://openalex.org/W1501501999","https://openalex.org/W1966243865","https://openalex.org/W1979527452","https://openalex.org/W1999900893","https://openalex.org/W2012179240","https://openalex.org/W2043051266","https://openalex.org/W2061887253","https://openalex.org/W2093043622","https://openalex.org/W2118338314","https://openalex.org/W2142444503","https://openalex.org/W2162546540","https://openalex.org/W2318507312","https://openalex.org/W2412101011","https://openalex.org/W2626058548","https://openalex.org/W2798296237","https://openalex.org/W2799033078","https://openalex.org/W2917720315","https://openalex.org/W3102510044","https://openalex.org/W3133392502","https://openalex.org/W3162763762","https://openalex.org/W4231474137","https://openalex.org/W4312650936","https://openalex.org/W6661203980","https://openalex.org/W6750309632","https://openalex.org/W6750649495","https://openalex.org/W6925366431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091793939","https://openalex.org/W2110991008","https://openalex.org/W4224229821","https://openalex.org/W2055881261","https://openalex.org/W4309582188","https://openalex.org/W2000201823","https://openalex.org/W2121233497","https://openalex.org/W2042832476","https://openalex.org/W2149051075","https://openalex.org/W2061536619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General":[0],"Purpose":[1],"Graphics":[2],"Processing":[3],"Units":[4,108],"(GPGPUs)":[5],"are":[6,27,42,157,186],"extensively":[7],"used":[8,140,158],"in":[9,59,90,149],"high-performance":[10],"applications/systems,":[11],"whose":[12],"execution":[13,67,93,164],"times":[14],"may":[15],"vary":[16],"from":[17,201],"a":[18,97,142,222,235],"few":[19],"days":[20],"to":[21,29,62,110,121,133,203],"months.":[22],"Many":[23],"times,":[24],"these":[25],"systems":[26],"expected":[28],"provide":[30],"high":[31],"reliability":[32],"and":[33,54,79,112,137,139,165,178,183,192,213,234],"availability.":[34],"On":[35,144],"the":[36,39,45,74,91,122,147,150,154,175],"other":[37],"hand,":[38],"high-throughput":[40],"GPGPUs":[41],"fabricated":[43],"with":[44,105,221],"latest":[46],"cutting-edge":[47],"technology.":[48],"The":[49,116,168,205],"shrinking":[50],"transistor":[51],"feature":[52],"size":[53],"aggressive":[55],"voltage":[56],"scaling":[57],"resulted":[58],"increased":[60],"susceptibility":[61],"soft":[63,87],"errors.":[64],"Hence,":[65],"GPGPU":[66,92],"results":[68,138,207],"cannot":[69],"be":[70,219],"trusted.":[71],"This":[72],"necessitates":[73],"employment":[75],"of":[76,153,170,197,226,232,239],"error":[77,88,145,166,195,211],"detection":[78,212],"correction":[80,214],"methods":[81],"for":[82,159,188],"reliable":[83],"results.":[84],"To":[85],"mitigate":[86],"effects":[89],"pipeline,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"fault-tolerant":[98],"microarchitecture":[99,127],"called":[100],"Triple":[101,160],"modular":[102],"Redundant":[103,162],"Execution":[104],"idle":[106],"Functional":[107],"(TREFU)":[109],"detect":[111],"correct":[113],"errors":[114],"online.":[115],"proposed":[117],"method":[118],"is":[119,131,172],"transparent":[120],"application":[123],"software.":[124],"A":[125],"new":[126],"structure,":[128],"replay":[129,155],"buffer,":[130],"introduced":[132],"store":[134],"temporary":[135],"operands":[136],"as":[141],"checkpoint.":[143],"detection,":[146],"data":[148],"duplicate":[151],"copy":[152],"buffers":[156],"Modular":[161],"(TMR)":[163],"correction.":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"TREFU":[171],"demonstrated":[173],"through":[174],"ISPASS":[176],"2009":[177],"RODINIA":[179],"benchmarks.":[180],"TREFU's":[181],"performance":[182,224],"power":[184,230,237],"overheads":[185],"evaluated":[187],"an":[189,228],"error-free":[190],"run":[191],"at":[193],"various":[194],"rates":[196],"executed":[198],"instructions":[199],"ranging":[200],"1":[202],"50K.":[204],"simulation":[206],"show":[208],"that":[209],"complete":[210],"across":[215],"all":[216],"threads":[217],"can":[218],"achieved":[220],"mean":[223],"overhead":[225,231,238],"4%,":[227,233],"average":[229],"peak":[236],"5%.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}