{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297337432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts56730.2022.9897808","title":"Novel BTI Robust Ring-Oscillator-Based Physically Unclonable Function","display_name":"Novel BTI Robust Ring-Oscillator-Based Physically Unclonable Function","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297337432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts56730.2022.9897808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iolts56730.2022.9897808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts56730.2022.9897808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 28th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042949254","display_name":"Marco Grossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-9035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Grossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna,Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering,Bologna,Italy","Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna,Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering,Bologna,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019220326","display_name":"M. Oma\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-5365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Omana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna,Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering,Bologna,Italy","Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna,Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering,Bologna,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076546330","display_name":"Daniele Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9487-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007216789","display_name":"Biagio Marzulli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162410","display_name":"Materials Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05rcmw333","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biagio Marzulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amaris Technologies srl,Brindisi,Italy","Amaris Technologies srl, Brindisi, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amaris Technologies srl,Brindisi,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amaris Technologies srl, Brindisi, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010725489","display_name":"Cecilia Metra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-5725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Metra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna,Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering,Bologna,Italy","Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna,Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering,Bologna,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67634409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.8600482940673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.7004215717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6992734670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6029201745986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.520234227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-encryption-standard","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","score":0.5080728530883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4871618449687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4157756268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37046781182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3241756558418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.21199756860733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13389015197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08209288120269775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8600482940673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.7004215717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6992734670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6029201745986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.520234227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.5080728530883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4871618449687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4157756268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37046781182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3241756558418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.21199756860733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13389015197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08209288120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iolts56730.2022.9897808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts56730.2022.9897808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 28th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1160941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1160941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/897418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/897418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974113657","https://openalex.org/W1995871244","https://openalex.org/W1999919743","https://openalex.org/W2020404011","https://openalex.org/W2042689564","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2168174386","https://openalex.org/W2170569687","https://openalex.org/W2294956387","https://openalex.org/W2483049553","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2517606133","https://openalex.org/W2793374156","https://openalex.org/W2914758464","https://openalex.org/W2923280565","https://openalex.org/W3082249069","https://openalex.org/W3090578905","https://openalex.org/W3210343672","https://openalex.org/W4241054193","https://openalex.org/W6676995458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373258662","https://openalex.org/W2582407527","https://openalex.org/W59831277","https://openalex.org/W2908862236","https://openalex.org/W2668005700","https://openalex.org/W2118404416","https://openalex.org/W2071927058","https://openalex.org/W2099706447","https://openalex.org/W3026198779","https://openalex.org/W1972402896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physically":[0],"Unclonable":[1],"Functions":[2],"(PUFs)":[3],"have":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,52,115,124,166],"promising":[7],"low-cost":[8],"solution":[9],"for":[10,95,107,153],"authentication":[11],"and":[12,84,98,141,147],"key":[13],"generation":[14],"in":[15,22,92,168],"cryptosystems.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20],"shown":[21],"the":[23,26,80,93,127,132,144,148,154,176],"literature":[24],"that":[25,60,161],"reliability":[27],"of":[28,126,129,170],"PUFs":[29],"is":[30,61],"undermined":[31],"by":[32],"aging":[33],"mechanisms,":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36,69],"Bias":[37],"Temperature":[38],"Instability":[39],"(BTI),":[40],"which":[41,138],"may":[42],"compromise":[43],"their":[44],"correct":[45],"operation.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,159],"present":[51],"novel":[53],"ring":[54],"oscillator":[55],"(RO)":[56],"based":[57],"PUF":[58,83],"design":[59],"robust":[62],"against":[63,118,143],"BTI":[64,130],"degradation,":[65],"hereinafter":[66],"referred":[67],"to":[68,79,85,175],"Low-sensitive-BTI":[70],"RO":[71,146],"-":[72],"LBTIRO.":[73],"We":[74,104],"compare":[75],"our":[76,111,121,162],"proposed":[77,112,163],"LBTIRO":[78,113,122,164],"standard":[81,145],"RO-based":[82],"an":[86],"alternative":[87,177],"NBTI-robust":[88],"RO-PUF":[89],"recently":[90],"presented":[91],"literature,":[94],"90":[96,155],"nm":[97,100,156],"32":[99],"CMOS":[101],"technology":[102,109],"nodes.":[103],"show":[105,160],"that,":[106],"considered":[108],"nodes,":[110],"features":[114,165],"higher":[116],"robustness":[117],"BTI.":[119],"Particularly,":[120],"enables":[123],"reduction":[125,167],"impact":[128],"on":[131],"oscillation":[133],"frequency":[134],"over":[135],"circuit":[136],"lifetime,":[137],"reaches":[139],"85.3%":[140],"72.1%":[142],"recent":[149],"alternate":[150],"solution,":[151],"respectively,":[152],"technology.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"terms":[169],"power":[171],"consumption":[172],"if":[173],"compared":[174],"NBTIrobust":[178],"RO-PUF.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2022-09-28T00:00:00"}
