{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048292857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts50870.2020.9159728","title":"Muon-Ra: Quantum random number generation from cosmic rays","display_name":"Muon-Ra: Quantum random number generation from cosmic rays","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048292857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts50870.2020.9159728","mag":"3048292857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iolts50870.2020.9159728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts50870.2020.9159728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 26th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022868555","display_name":"Homer Gamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-783X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Homer Gamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055229313","display_name":"Pranav Mehta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-7363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071386756","display_name":"Eduardo Chielle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-912X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Chielle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102126004","display_name":"A. Di Giovanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-4894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriano Di Giovanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110703612","display_name":"Mohammed Nabeel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Nabeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043501692","display_name":"F. Arneodo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1061-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Arneodo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043325974","display_name":"Michail Maniatakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Maniatakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022868555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0977,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39196411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"800","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray","display_name":"Cosmic ray","score":0.7427986860275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muon","display_name":"Muon","score":0.7231090068817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6162921786308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-cancer-database","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","score":0.47832202911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.46886828541755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muon-collider","display_name":"Muon collider","score":0.4574815630912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.4514346718788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.42471906542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.38909149169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34929990768432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.19617575407028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-accelerator","display_name":"Particle accelerator","score":0.18635419011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15894952416419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.0964752733707428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.7427986860275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205334942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151","display_name":"Muon","level":2,"score":0.7231090068817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6162921786308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.47832202911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.46886828541755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106152062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6937066","display_name":"Muon collider","level":4,"score":0.4574815630912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.4514346718788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.42471906542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.38909149169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34929990768432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.19617575407028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189166818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130825","display_name":"Particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.18635419011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15894952416419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0964752733707428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iolts50870.2020.9159728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iolts50870.2020.9159728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 26th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W412116272","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1886859979","https://openalex.org/W1969090655","https://openalex.org/W1995274875","https://openalex.org/W2029741614","https://openalex.org/W2047307840","https://openalex.org/W2069831590","https://openalex.org/W2077667328","https://openalex.org/W2098543956","https://openalex.org/W2107106878","https://openalex.org/W2135328793","https://openalex.org/W2145788847","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2362080632","https://openalex.org/W2419602527","https://openalex.org/W2515706837","https://openalex.org/W2780006089","https://openalex.org/W2810259447","https://openalex.org/W2894018692","https://openalex.org/W2916582330","https://openalex.org/W2951159855","https://openalex.org/W2972041245","https://openalex.org/W2988683112","https://openalex.org/W3100551853","https://openalex.org/W3101869595","https://openalex.org/W3123997348","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W6825343983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W179817368","https://openalex.org/W4389310812","https://openalex.org/W2000202795","https://openalex.org/W2186623742","https://openalex.org/W111308324","https://openalex.org/W2464699783","https://openalex.org/W3113249402","https://openalex.org/W1269865010","https://openalex.org/W2275191439","https://openalex.org/W2185670552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"True":[0],"Random":[1],"Number":[2],"Generators":[3],"(TRNGs)":[4],"are":[5],"the":[6,17,41,52,69,91,109,118,135,140,146],"cornerstone":[7],"of":[8,126,142],"modern":[9,78],"cryptographic":[10],"applications.":[11,88],"In":[12],"this":[13,54],"work,":[14],"we":[15],"present":[16],"first":[18],"quantum":[19],"<sup":[20,130],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21,131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[22,132],"random":[23,48,128],"number":[24],"generator":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27,93],"muon":[28],"detection.":[29],"The":[30],"proposed":[31,70],"implementation":[32,119],"utilizes":[33],"silicon":[34],"photomultipliers":[35],"and":[36,96,114,150],"plastic":[37],"scintillators":[38],"to":[39,47,51,98,122,138,156],"convert":[40],"time":[42],"interval":[43],"between":[44],"crossing":[45],"muons":[46],"bits.":[49],"Compared":[50],"state-of-the-art,":[53],"design":[55],"operates":[56],"using":[57],"a":[58],"passive":[59],"entropy":[60],"source,":[61,149],"scaling":[62],"down":[63],"its":[64,94],"power":[65],"consumption":[66],"significantly.":[67],"Additionally,":[68],"muon-based":[71],"TRNG":[72],"can":[73],"be":[74],"fully":[75],"integrated":[76],"in":[77,107],"computer":[79],"hardware,":[80],"making":[81],"it":[82],"suitable":[83],"for":[84],"low-power":[85],"embedded":[86],"device":[87],"We":[89,133],"evaluate":[90],"proposal":[92],"throughput":[95],"ability":[97],"pass":[99],"standard":[100],"randomness":[101],"tests.":[102],"Our":[103],"method":[104],"is":[105,120],"successful":[106],"passing":[108],"NIST":[110],"STS":[111],"SP":[112],"800-22":[113],"Dieharder":[115],"evaluations.":[116],"Finally,":[117],"compared":[121],"other":[123],"well-established":[124],"methods":[125],"generating":[127],"numbers.":[129],"use":[134],"term":[136],"\u201cquantum\u201d":[137],"denote":[139],"utilization":[141],"elementary":[143],"particles":[144],"as":[145],"output":[147],"generation":[148],"not":[151],"necessarily":[152],"their":[153],"properties,":[154],"similar":[155],"related":[157],"work":[158],"[1],":[159],"[2].":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
