{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401508226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom52122.2024.10621345","title":"PTPsec: Securing the Precision Time Protocol Against Time Delay Attacks Using Cyclic Path Asymmetry Analysis","display_name":"PTPsec: Securing the Precision Time Protocol Against Time Delay Attacks Using Cyclic Path Asymmetry Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401508226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom52122.2024.10621345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom52122.2024.10621345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom52122.2024.10621345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053053965","display_name":"Andreas Finkenzeller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-3769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Finkenzeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093766577","display_name":"Oliver Butowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Butowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073065825","display_name":"Emanuel Regnath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-7761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuel Regnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043815989","display_name":"Mohammad Hamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-7254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080174920","display_name":"Sebastian Steinhorst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-2584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Steinhorst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053053965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93136273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"461","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6722440719604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.6482254266738892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5809778571128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5603861212730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36257195472717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35779935121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10048598051071167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6722440719604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.6482254266738892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5809778571128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5603861212730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36257195472717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35779935121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10048598051071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom52122.2024.10621345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom52122.2024.10621345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972250229","https://openalex.org/W1974278931","https://openalex.org/W1984828789","https://openalex.org/W2013804356","https://openalex.org/W2054655187","https://openalex.org/W2082581427","https://openalex.org/W2130677190","https://openalex.org/W2143451847","https://openalex.org/W2154070997","https://openalex.org/W2165476593","https://openalex.org/W2309038109","https://openalex.org/W2337871897","https://openalex.org/W2537902178","https://openalex.org/W2739326516","https://openalex.org/W2901767566","https://openalex.org/W2975612534","https://openalex.org/W2982626996","https://openalex.org/W3082951585","https://openalex.org/W3157739973","https://openalex.org/W3168380357","https://openalex.org/W3193860174","https://openalex.org/W4213060883","https://openalex.org/W4248989993","https://openalex.org/W4315630009","https://openalex.org/W6756369913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W1980563100","https://openalex.org/W1644661642","https://openalex.org/W4297670902","https://openalex.org/W2035154026","https://openalex.org/W2065779551","https://openalex.org/W2050217822","https://openalex.org/W3102935140","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2001403916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-precision":[0],"time":[1,46,85],"synchronization":[2,86,176],"is":[3,75],"a":[4,76,151,188,222,238],"vital":[5],"prerequisite":[6],"for":[7,79],"many":[8],"modern":[9],"applications":[10,89],"and":[11,19,87,132,160,170,192,215,233,253],"technologies,":[12],"including":[13],"Smart":[14],"Grids,":[15],"Time-Sensitive":[16],"Networking":[17],"(TSN),":[18],"5G":[20],"networks.":[21],"Although":[22],"the":[23,39,50,54,64,88,113,121,175,180,197,206],"Precision":[24],"Time":[25],"Protocol":[26],"(PTP)":[27],"can":[28,165,249],"accomplish":[29],"this":[30,163],"requirement":[31],"in":[32,38,157],"trusted":[33],"environments,":[34],"it":[35],"becomes":[36],"unreliable":[37],"presence":[40],"of":[41,67,101,230],"specific":[42],"cyber":[43,68],"attacks.":[44,105],"Mainly,":[45],"delay":[47,104,134,212,235],"attacks":[48,135,236],"pose":[49],"highest":[51],"threat":[52],"to":[53,58,82,130,153,168,209],"protocol,":[55,115],"enabling":[56],"attackers":[57],"diverge":[59],"targeted":[60],"clocks":[61],"undetected.":[62],"With":[63,202],"increasing":[65],"danger":[66],"attacks,":[69],"especially":[70],"against":[71,136],"critical":[72],"infrastructure,":[73],"there":[74],"great":[77],"demand":[78],"effective":[80],"countermeasures":[81],"secure":[83,189],"both":[84],"that":[90,178,245],"depend":[91],"on":[92,139,174,196,221],"it.":[93],"However,":[94],"current":[95],"solutions":[96],"are":[97],"not":[98],"sufficiently":[99],"capable":[100,229],"mitigating":[102],"sophisticated":[103],"For":[106,147],"example,":[107],"they":[108],"lack":[109],"proper":[110],"integration":[111],"into":[112],"PTP":[114,137,190,208],"scalability,":[116],"or":[117],"sound":[118],"evaluation":[119],"with":[120,255],"required":[122],"microsecond-level":[123],"accuracy.":[124],"This":[125],"work":[126],"proposes":[127],"an":[128,227],"approach":[129,220],"detect":[131],"counteract":[133],"based":[138,195],"cyclic":[140],"path":[141,177],"asymmetry":[142],"measurements":[143],"over":[144],"redundant":[145,155],"paths.":[146],"that,":[148],"we":[149,185,204],"provide":[150],"method":[152],"find":[154],"paths":[156],"arbitrary":[158],"networks":[159],"show":[161,244],"how":[162],"redundancy":[164],"be":[166,250],"exploited":[167],"reveal":[169],"mitigate":[171],"undesirable":[172],"asymmetries":[173],"cause":[179],"malicious":[181],"clock":[182],"divergence.":[183],"Furthermore,":[184],"propose":[186],"PTPsec,":[187,203],"protocol":[191],"its":[193],"implementation":[194],"latest":[198],"IEEE":[199],"1588-2019":[200],"standard.":[201],"advance":[205],"conventional":[207],"support":[210],"reliable":[211],"attack":[213,247],"detection":[214,257],"mitigation.":[216],"We":[217],"validate":[218],"our":[219],"hardware":[223],"testbed,":[224],"which":[225],"includes":[226],"attacker":[228],"performing":[231],"static":[232],"incremental":[234],"at":[237],"microsecond":[239],"precision.":[240],"Our":[241],"experimental":[242],"results":[243],"all":[246],"scenarios":[248],"reliably":[251],"detected":[252],"mitigated":[254],"minimal":[256],"time.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}