{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283215940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796859","title":"BrokerChain: A Cross-Shard Blockchain Protocol for Account/Balance-based State Sharding","display_name":"BrokerChain: A Cross-Shard Blockchain Protocol for Account/Balance-based State Sharding","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283215940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607980","display_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047931252","display_name":"Huawei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-6446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huawei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026489941","display_name":"Xiaowen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-8086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071918386","display_name":"Jianzhou Zhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhou Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004858255","display_name":"Shenyang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027859336","display_name":"Yue Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000582109","display_name":"Zibin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of CSE,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CSE, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043464306","display_name":"Song Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Computing","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Computing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047931252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.977,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":192,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9974271,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1968","last_page":"1977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.75245600938797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6541222333908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5816096663475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.560321033000946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5472015738487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.5208150148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4808686375617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.440791517496109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3458130359649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3014536499977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2863401174545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.20615267753601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09286057949066162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75245600938797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6541222333908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5816096663475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.560321033000946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5472015738487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.5208150148391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4808686375617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.440791517496109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3458130359649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3014536499977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2863401174545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.20615267753601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09286057949066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607980","display_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-129443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0743-166X&rft.volume=2022-May&rft.issue=&rft.date=2022&rft.spage=1968&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Huawei&rft.atitle=BrokerChain%3A+A+Cross-Shard+Blockchain+Protocol+for+Account%2FBalance-based+State+Sharding&rft.title=Proceedings+-+IEEE+INFOCOM","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307285","display_name":"Impact Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb20j87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007661053","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2070232376","https://openalex.org/W2114780662","https://openalex.org/W2119245106","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2133461039","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2917183287","https://openalex.org/W2921961040","https://openalex.org/W2942246375","https://openalex.org/W2944812228","https://openalex.org/W2964303100","https://openalex.org/W2977921325","https://openalex.org/W2982468232","https://openalex.org/W2986418087","https://openalex.org/W3032330964","https://openalex.org/W3038382510","https://openalex.org/W3047676083","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3154548150","https://openalex.org/W3202027623","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6759625968","https://openalex.org/W6780413661","https://openalex.org/W6793285265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-of-the-art":[0],"blockchain":[1,14,59,106],"sharding":[2],"solutions,":[3],"say":[4],"Monoxide,":[5],"can":[6,75],"induce":[7],"imbalanced":[8],"transaction":[9,174,181],"(TX)":[10],"distributions":[11,24],"among":[12,79],"all":[13,80],"shards":[15,81],"due":[16],"to":[17,44,51],"their":[18],"account":[19,121],"deployment":[20],"mechanisms.":[21],"Imbalanced":[22],"TX":[23,72],"then":[25],"cause":[26],"hot":[27],"shards,":[28],"in":[29,169],"which":[30,102],"the":[31,46,64,85,94,110,177],"cross-shard":[32,53,71,88,105,130],"TXs":[33,54,89,131],"may":[34],"experience":[35],"an":[36],"unlimited":[37],"length":[38],"of":[39,58,87,141,171,180],"confirmation":[40,175],"latency.":[41],"Thus,":[42],"how":[43,50,127],"address":[45],"hot-shard":[47],"issue":[48],"and":[49,82,120,138,156,183],"reduce":[52,84],"become":[55],"significant":[56],"challenges":[57],"state":[60,112,118],"sharding.":[61,113],"Through":[62],"reviewing":[63],"related":[65],"studies,":[66],"we":[67,99,147],"find":[68],"that":[69,74,164],"a":[70,104,153,157],"protocol":[73,107],"achieve":[76],"workload":[77,184],"balance":[78],"simultaneously":[83],"number":[86],"is":[90,103],"still":[91],"absent":[92],"from":[93],"literature.":[95],"To":[96],"this":[97],"end,":[98],"propose":[100],"BrokerChain,":[101],"devised":[108],"for":[109],"account/balance-based":[111],"Essentially,":[114],"BrokerChain":[115,128,142,165],"exploits":[116],"fine-grained":[117],"partition":[119],"segmentation.":[122],"We":[123],"also":[124],"elaborate":[125],"on":[126],"handles":[129],"through":[132],"broker":[133],"accounts.":[134],"The":[135,160],"security":[136],"issues":[137],"other":[139,167],"properties":[140],"are":[143],"analyzed":[144],"substantially.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"conduct":[148],"comprehensive":[149],"evaluations":[150],"using":[151],"both":[152],"cloud-based":[154],"prototype":[155],"transaction-driven":[158],"simulator.":[159],"evaluation":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"outperforms":[166],"solutions":[168],"terms":[170],"system":[172],"throughput,":[173],"latency,":[176],"queue":[178],"size":[179],"pool,":[182],"balance.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
