{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283207471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796738","title":"ArmSpy: Video-assisted PIN Inference Leveraging Keystroke-induced Arm Posture Changes","display_name":"ArmSpy: Video-assisted PIN Inference Leveraging Keystroke-induced Arm Posture Changes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283207471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607980","display_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042884230","display_name":"Yuefeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-2291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuefeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089207627","display_name":"Yicong Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-4648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicong Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100518972","display_name":"Chunlong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038550062","display_name":"Yanghai Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanghai Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334703","display_name":"Hongbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-839X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103201162","display_name":"Huan Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-2790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032724669","display_name":"Yanzhi Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhi Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079249537","display_name":"Jiadi Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042884230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49622313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1878","last_page":"1887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7715392112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.7365447878837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6170129179954529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4510473906993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4069826006889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35480475425720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24417832493782043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7715392112731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.7365447878837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6170129179954529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4510473906993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4069826006889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35480475425720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24417832493782043}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607980","display_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1660981793","https://openalex.org/W2004333922","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2074367177","https://openalex.org/W2090465075","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2124885613","https://openalex.org/W2128025167","https://openalex.org/W2294170611","https://openalex.org/W2534482106","https://openalex.org/W2579193977","https://openalex.org/W2790826872","https://openalex.org/W2794478211","https://openalex.org/W2919530125","https://openalex.org/W3015911696","https://openalex.org/W3034399482","https://openalex.org/W3047296477","https://openalex.org/W4289126832","https://openalex.org/W6636994897","https://openalex.org/W6697491314","https://openalex.org/W6776028346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2775347418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PIN":[0,21,84,91,127,155,173],"inference":[1,22,85,133],"attack":[2],"leveraging":[3],"keystroke-induced":[4,107],"side-channel":[5,31],"information":[6,32],"poses":[7],"a":[8,79,99],"substantial":[9],"threat":[10,189],"to":[11,33,60,65,124,135],"the":[12,46,49,56,66,96,105,117,126,131,137,142,149,152,172,185,188],"security":[13],"of":[14,187],"people\u2019s":[15],"privacy":[16],"and":[17,29,48,81,116,140,145,177],"properties.":[18],"Among":[19],"various":[20],"attacks,":[23],"video-assisted":[24,83],"method":[25],"provide":[26],"more":[27],"intuitive":[28],"robust":[30],"infer":[34,125,148],"PINs.":[35],"But":[36],"it":[37],"usually":[38],"requires":[39],"there":[40],"is":[41],"no":[42],"visual":[43],"occlusion":[44],"between":[45,120],"attacker":[47],"victims":[50,97],"or":[51,63,71],"their":[52],"hand":[53],"gestures,":[54],"making":[55],"attackers":[57],"either":[58],"easy":[59],"expose":[61],"themselves":[62],"inapplicable":[64],"scenarios":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69],"ATM":[70],"POS":[72],"terminals.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"present":[78],"novel":[80],"practical":[82],"system,":[86],"ArmSpy,":[87],"which":[88],"infers":[89],"victim\u2019s":[90],"by":[92,191],"observing":[93],"from":[94],"behind":[95],"in":[98],"stealthy":[100],"way.":[101],"Specifically,":[102],"ArmSpy":[103,163],"explores":[104],"subtle":[106],"arm":[108,122],"posture":[109],"changes,":[110],"including":[111],"elbow":[112],"bending":[113],"angle":[114],"changes":[115],"spatial":[118],"relationship":[119],"different":[121],"joints,":[123],"entries.":[128],"We":[129],"develop":[130],"keystroke":[132,138,143],"mechanism":[134],"detect":[136],"events":[139],"pinpoint":[141],"positions,":[144],"then":[146],"accurately":[147],"PINs":[150],"with":[151,174],"proposed":[153],"inferred":[154],"coordination":[156],"mechanism.":[157],"Extensive":[158],"experimental":[159],"results":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"that":[162],"can":[164],"achieve":[165],"over":[166,179],"67%":[167],"average":[168],"accuracy":[169],"on":[170],"inferring":[171],"3":[175],"attempts":[176],"even":[178],"80%":[180],"for":[181],"some":[182],"victims,":[183],"indicating":[184],"severity":[186],"posed":[190],"ArmSpy.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
