{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283211172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796703","title":"Large-scale Evaluation of Malicious Tor Hidden Service Directory Discovery","display_name":"Large-scale Evaluation of Malicious Tor Hidden Service Directory Discovery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283211172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607980","display_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084813862","display_name":"Chunmian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunmian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044255077","display_name":"Zhen Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-8702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027481784","display_name":"Wenjia Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjia Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101640601","display_name":"Qi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0184-5739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708940","display_name":"Ming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-1000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063375840","display_name":"Xinwen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Lowell,Department of Computer Science,Lowell,MA,USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Lowell,Department of Computer Science,Lowell,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6658362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1709","last_page":"1718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7172753214836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honeypot","display_name":"Honeypot","score":0.6651374101638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directory","display_name":"Directory","score":0.6496022939682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.6248860955238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directory-service","display_name":"Directory service","score":0.6065389513969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6005629301071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.4251275956630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4229952394962311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3482021689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.12240976095199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11869987845420837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7172753214836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191267431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911932","display_name":"Honeypot","level":2,"score":0.6651374101638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201456","display_name":"Directory","level":2,"score":0.6496022939682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.6248860955238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138338577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756230","display_name":"Directory service","level":3,"score":0.6065389513969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6005629301071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.4251275956630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4229952394962311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3482021689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.12240976095199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11869987845420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607980","display_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1450140837","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1674074141","https://openalex.org/W1820393415","https://openalex.org/W1896721535","https://openalex.org/W1911710799","https://openalex.org/W1950882734","https://openalex.org/W2007887768","https://openalex.org/W2080429359","https://openalex.org/W2091089803","https://openalex.org/W2097853782","https://openalex.org/W2105486585","https://openalex.org/W2128311894","https://openalex.org/W2155037825","https://openalex.org/W2163007546","https://openalex.org/W2269520727","https://openalex.org/W2537192083","https://openalex.org/W2613227865","https://openalex.org/W2739484418","https://openalex.org/W2762398138","https://openalex.org/W2800806089","https://openalex.org/W2885133286","https://openalex.org/W2893970496","https://openalex.org/W2912409535","https://openalex.org/W2943919329","https://openalex.org/W2957698615","https://openalex.org/W2963890727","https://openalex.org/W2992050717","https://openalex.org/W3007124107","https://openalex.org/W3046813266","https://openalex.org/W6628440492","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6693548710","https://openalex.org/W6743791331","https://openalex.org/W6774338936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W181118223","https://openalex.org/W73423766","https://openalex.org/W2106753613","https://openalex.org/W2104608056","https://openalex.org/W2005960013","https://openalex.org/W2143307242","https://openalex.org/W2136877416","https://openalex.org/W2767128237","https://openalex.org/W2160164485","https://openalex.org/W2143295198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tor":[0,23,47,55,160],"is":[1],"the":[2,37,46,72,97,101,110,126,134,137,146,158],"largest":[3],"anonymous":[4,8],"communication":[5,9],"system,":[6],"providing":[7],"services":[10,19,68,84],"to":[11,41,60,93,124,130],"approximately":[12],"2.8":[13],"million":[14],"users":[15],"and":[16,69,88,95,103,113,148,192],"170,000":[17],"hidden":[18,24,48,56,67,73,83],"per":[20],"day.":[21],"The":[22],"service":[25,49,57],"mechanism":[26],"can":[27,52],"protect":[28],"a":[29,42,117,170],"server":[30],"from":[31],"exposing":[32],"its":[33],"real":[34],"identity":[35],"during":[36,169],"communication.":[38],"However,":[39],"due":[40],"design":[43,80],"flaw":[44],"of":[45,66,136,145,150,165,167,173,183],"mechanism,":[50],"adversaries":[51,127],"deploy":[53],"malicious":[54,98,138,185],"directories":[58],"(HSDirs)":[59],"covertly":[61],"collect":[62],"all":[63],"onion":[64],"addresses":[65],"further":[70],"probe":[71],"services.":[74],"To":[75],"mitigate":[76],"this":[77],"issue,":[78],"we":[79,115,141,179],"customized":[81],"honeypot":[82],"based":[85],"on":[86,133],"one-to-one":[87],"many-to-one":[89],"HSDir":[90],"monitoring":[91,171],"approaches":[92],"luring":[94],"identifying":[96],"HSDirs":[99],"conducting":[100],"rapid":[102],"delayed":[104],"probing":[105,111,120,189,196],"attacks,":[106],"respectively.":[107],"By":[108],"analyzing":[109],"behaviors":[112],"payloads,":[114],"investigate":[116],"novel":[118],"semantic-based":[119],"pattern":[121,190],"clustering":[122],"approach":[123],"classify":[125],"so":[128],"as":[129],"shed":[131],"light":[132],"purposes":[135],"HSDirs.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"perform":[142],"theoretical":[143],"analysis":[144],"capability":[147],"accuracy":[149],"our":[151],"approaches.":[152],"Large-scale":[153],"experiments":[154],"are":[155],"conducted":[156],"in":[157],"real-world":[159],"network":[161],"by":[162],"deploying":[163],"hundreds":[164],"thousands":[166],"honeypots":[168],"period":[172],"more":[174],"than":[175],"three":[176],"months.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"identify":[180],"8":[181],"groups":[182],"32":[184],"HSDirs,":[186],"discover":[187],"25":[188],"clusters":[191],"reveal":[193],"3":[194],"major":[195],"purposes.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}