{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153077321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488886","title":"Asynchronous Deep Reinforcement Learning for Data-Driven Task Offloading in MEC-Empowered Vehicular Networks","display_name":"Asynchronous Deep Reinforcement Learning for Data-Driven Task Offloading in MEC-Empowered Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153077321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488886","mag":"3153077321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488886","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006467851","display_name":"Penglin Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-4620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Penglin Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110235386","display_name":"Kai\u2010Wen Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011680564","display_name":"Xiao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-8558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007865788","display_name":"Huanlai Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanlai Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China,611756","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048087489","display_name":"Zhaofei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-7553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaofei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science,Beijing,China,100871"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science,Beijing,China,100871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006467851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98934972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8575147390365601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6397439241409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6152415871620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6127098202705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.596755862236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5603494644165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5228484272956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4683959484100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.4397851824760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4107389748096466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40889298915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.40850281715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20865264534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.15435123443603516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8575147390365601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6397439241409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6152415871620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6127098202705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.596755862236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5603494644165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5228484272956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4683959484100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.4397851824760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4107389748096466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40889298915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.40850281715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20865264534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.15435123443603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488886","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2397723600","https://openalex.org/W2615926310","https://openalex.org/W2761862361","https://openalex.org/W2777180355","https://openalex.org/W2781627822","https://openalex.org/W2791228282","https://openalex.org/W2791432311","https://openalex.org/W2829445142","https://openalex.org/W2886579803","https://openalex.org/W2895973886","https://openalex.org/W2901631215","https://openalex.org/W2903709398","https://openalex.org/W2918400102","https://openalex.org/W2947861320","https://openalex.org/W2963783229","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W2964054168","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W2969324740","https://openalex.org/W2971028111","https://openalex.org/W2991032587","https://openalex.org/W3010300824","https://openalex.org/W3023720662","https://openalex.org/W3024155406","https://openalex.org/W3031997723","https://openalex.org/W3047585121","https://openalex.org/W3081714622","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6692846177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500","https://openalex.org/W3014317926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"edge":[1],"computing":[2],"(MEC)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"an":[6,58,129],"effective":[7],"paradigm":[8],"to":[9,17,133],"support":[10],"real-time":[11],"computation-intensive":[12],"vehicular":[13,20,40,51],"applications.":[14],"However,":[15],"due":[16],"highly":[18],"dynamic":[19],"topology,":[21],"these":[22],"existing":[23],"centralized-based":[24],"or":[25],"distributed-based":[26],"scheduling":[27,65],"algorithms":[28],"requiring":[29],"high":[30,117],"communication":[31],"overhead,":[32],"are":[33],"not":[34],"suitable":[35],"for":[36,63,154],"task":[37,81],"offloading":[38,82,87,135],"in":[39,123,150],"networks.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"we":[43,77,119,127,160,181],"investigate":[44],"a":[45,79,109,183],"novel":[46],"service":[47],"scenario":[48],"of":[49,66,96,194],"MEC-based":[50],"crowdsourcing,":[52],"where":[53],"each":[54,148],"MEC":[55,103],"server":[56],"is":[57,108],"independent":[59,169],"agent":[60,149],"and":[61,89,93,105,113,152,171,186],"responsible":[62],"making":[64],"processing":[67],"traffic":[68],"data":[69],"sensed":[70],"by":[71,84,141],"crowdsourcing":[72],"vehicles.":[73],"On":[74],"this":[75],"basis,":[76],"formulate":[78],"data-driven":[80],"problem":[83,112,166],"jointly":[85],"optimizing":[86],"decision":[88],"bandwidth/computation":[90],"resource":[91,164],"allocation,":[92],"renting":[94],"cost":[95],"heterogeneous":[97],"servers,":[98],"such":[99],"as":[100],"powerful":[101],"vehicles,":[102],"servers":[104],"cloud,":[106],"which":[107,137,190],"mixed-integer":[110],"programming":[111],"NP-hard.":[114],"To":[115],"reduce":[116],"time-complexity,":[118],"propose":[120],"the":[121,143,162,192,195],"solution":[122],"two":[124],"stages.":[125],"First,":[126],"design":[128],"asynchronous":[130],"deep":[131],"Q-learning":[132],"determine":[134],"decision,":[136],"achieves":[138],"fast":[139],"convergence":[140],"training":[142],"local":[144],"DQN":[145],"model":[146,156,185],"at":[147],"parallel":[151],"uploading":[153],"global":[155],"update":[157],"asynchronously.":[158],"Second,":[159],"decompose":[161],"remaining":[163],"allocation":[165],"into":[167],"several":[168],"subproblems":[170],"derive":[172],"optimal":[173],"analytic":[174],"formula":[175],"based":[176],"on":[177],"convex":[178],"theory.":[179],"Lastly,":[180],"build":[182],"simulation":[184],"conduct":[187],"comprehensive":[188],"simulation,":[189],"demonstrates":[191],"superiority":[193],"proposed":[196],"algorithm.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}