{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154982004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488796","title":"Making Multi-String Pattern Matching Scalable and Cost-Efficient with Programmable Switching ASICs","display_name":"Making Multi-String Pattern Matching Scalable and Cost-Efficient with Programmable Switching ASICs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154982004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488796","mag":"3154982004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488796","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100647799","display_name":"Shicheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8380-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031176052","display_name":"Menghao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5274-5512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494511","display_name":"Guanyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-7367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102771039","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-7308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414241","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-1130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054845805","display_name":"Xuya Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-879X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuya Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771111","display_name":"Mingwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167249","display_name":"Network Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xnsth60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167249","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8182305693626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7258815169334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6942793726921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string-searching-algorithm","display_name":"String searching algorithm","score":0.5094051957130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.49949169158935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-processor","display_name":"Network processor","score":0.41968420147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.41101738810539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4094693660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3966256082057953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.39563801884651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33179494738578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2787477970123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1313745379447937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8182305693626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7258815169334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6942793726921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5094051957130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.49949169158935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74366991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2755335","display_name":"Network processor","level":3,"score":0.41968420147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.41101738810539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4094693660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3966256082057953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.39563801884651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33179494738578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2787477970123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1313745379447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488796","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486426806","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1707172707","https://openalex.org/W1768003599","https://openalex.org/W1802290782","https://openalex.org/W1960511147","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2003648673","https://openalex.org/W2008585527","https://openalex.org/W2027627461","https://openalex.org/W2030995323","https://openalex.org/W2044483945","https://openalex.org/W2063109203","https://openalex.org/W2069863593","https://openalex.org/W2076238443","https://openalex.org/W2077934944","https://openalex.org/W2096474000","https://openalex.org/W2099964107","https://openalex.org/W2106062486","https://openalex.org/W2110153733","https://openalex.org/W2113422425","https://openalex.org/W2113425091","https://openalex.org/W2129700391","https://openalex.org/W2134519279","https://openalex.org/W2134684274","https://openalex.org/W2139221507","https://openalex.org/W2139325411","https://openalex.org/W2145791740","https://openalex.org/W2156084981","https://openalex.org/W2161699954","https://openalex.org/W2162080541","https://openalex.org/W2303430686","https://openalex.org/W2613514830","https://openalex.org/W2743093301","https://openalex.org/W2744693751","https://openalex.org/W2761338514","https://openalex.org/W2798641544","https://openalex.org/W2878215196","https://openalex.org/W2889276663","https://openalex.org/W2917366689","https://openalex.org/W2926976929","https://openalex.org/W2931075014","https://openalex.org/W2982532604","https://openalex.org/W2986715885","https://openalex.org/W3008207353","https://openalex.org/W3016919608","https://openalex.org/W3046440678","https://openalex.org/W3100857721","https://openalex.org/W3110049424","https://openalex.org/W4236564633","https://openalex.org/W4247093768","https://openalex.org/W4251400443","https://openalex.org/W4253731216","https://openalex.org/W4288267719","https://openalex.org/W6628906117","https://openalex.org/W6637096788","https://openalex.org/W6637452973","https://openalex.org/W6638277145","https://openalex.org/W6676122042","https://openalex.org/W6680894590","https://openalex.org/W6697984839","https://openalex.org/W6750453510","https://openalex.org/W6754585813","https://openalex.org/W6759630410","https://openalex.org/W6766381578","https://openalex.org/W6785258481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135248929","https://openalex.org/W2092690310","https://openalex.org/W1493624592","https://openalex.org/W3190662310","https://openalex.org/W1507878993","https://openalex.org/W2798440551","https://openalex.org/W2888459714","https://openalex.org/W3145288231","https://openalex.org/W2119335436","https://openalex.org/W2157911975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-string":[0],"pattern":[1,103,187],"matching":[2,104],"is":[3,184],"a":[4,22,29,37,98,119,126,140,159],"crucial":[5],"building":[6],"block":[7],"for":[8],"many":[9],"network":[10,86,89],"security":[11],"applications,":[12],"and":[13,42,75,88,100,139,163,189,191,200],"thus":[14],"of":[15,21,32,39,46,84,109,129,154,161,178,198],"great":[16],"importance.":[17],"Since":[18],"every":[19],"byte":[20],"packet":[23],"has":[24],"to":[25,56,124,145],"be":[26],"inspected":[27],"by":[28,62],"large":[30,127],"set":[31],"patterns,":[33],"it":[34],"often":[35],"becomes":[36],"bottleneck":[38,60],"these":[40],"applications":[41],"dominates":[43],"the":[44,72,81,85,107,115,132,136,147,151,196],"performance":[45,59],"an":[47],"entire":[48],"system.":[49],"Many":[50],"existing":[51],"works":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"devoted":[55],"alleviate":[57],"this":[58,93],"either":[61],"algorithm":[63],"optimization":[64],"or":[65],"hardware":[66],"acceleration.":[67],"However,":[68],"neither":[69],"one":[70],"provides":[71],"desired":[73],"scalability":[74],"costs":[76],"that":[77,173],"keep":[78],"pace":[79],"with":[80,150,186],"dramatic":[82],"increase":[83,146],"bandwidth":[87],"traffic":[90],"today.":[91],"In":[92],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"present":[96],"BOLT,":[97],"scalable":[99,185],"cost-efficient":[101],"multi-string":[102],"system":[105],"leveraging":[106],"capability":[108],"emerging":[110],"programmable":[111,137],"switches.":[112],"BOLT":[113,162,174],"combines":[114],"following":[116],"two":[117],"techniques,":[118],"smart":[120],"state":[121],"encoding":[122],"scheme":[123],"fit":[125],"number":[128,197],"strings":[130],"into":[131],"limited":[133],"memory":[134,155,201],"on":[135],"switch,":[138],"variable":[141],"k-stride":[142],"transition":[143],"mechanism":[144],"throughput":[148,182],"significantly":[149,194],"same":[152],"level":[153],"costs.":[156],"We":[157],"implement":[158],"prototype":[160],"make":[164],"its":[165],"source":[166],"code":[167],"publicly":[168],"available.":[169],"Extensive":[170],"evaluations":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"could":[175,192],"provide":[176],"orders":[177],"magnitude":[179],"improvement":[180],"in":[181],"which":[183],"sets":[188],"workloads,":[190],"also":[193],"decrease":[195],"entries":[199],"requirement.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
