{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183619015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728","title":"Contact Tracing App Privacy: What Data Is Shared By Europe\u2019s GAEN Contact Tracing Apps","display_name":"Contact Tracing App Privacy: What Data Is Shared By Europe\u2019s GAEN Contact Tracing Apps","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183619015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728","mag":"3183619015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086446911","display_name":"Douglas J. Leith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-4014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas J. Leith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112455182","display_name":"Stephen Farrell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086446911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98075799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.7041600942611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6558562517166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6355085372924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.6160761117935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5944337844848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.55621737241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44011884927749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-tracing","display_name":"Contact tracing","score":0.4326012432575226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.7041600942611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6558562517166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355085372924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.6160761117935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5944337844848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.55621737241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44011884927749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113162765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128437","display_name":"Contact tracing","level":5,"score":0.4326012432575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536564267","https://openalex.org/W1973980096","https://openalex.org/W2021327598","https://openalex.org/W2134167315","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2186028149","https://openalex.org/W2561100929","https://openalex.org/W3013215798","https://openalex.org/W3037521276","https://openalex.org/W3097795338","https://openalex.org/W4214606707","https://openalex.org/W6809357703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036030877","https://openalex.org/W4213139346","https://openalex.org/W3204036590","https://openalex.org/W1989717680","https://openalex.org/W4225962435","https://openalex.org/W3214595614","https://openalex.org/W3112369873","https://openalex.org/W4365519749","https://openalex.org/W4291910179","https://openalex.org/W3215370305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,63],"describe":[1],"the":[2,9,36,42,66,82,85,101,139],"data":[3,161,166],"transmitted":[4],"to":[5,20],"backend":[6],"servers":[7,125],"by":[8,35,54,171],"contact":[10,194],"tracing":[11,195],"apps":[12,25,70,91,108,196],"now":[13],"deployed":[14],"in":[15],"Europe":[16],"with":[17,156,159],"a":[18,31,76,112],"view":[19],"evaluating":[21],"user":[22],"privacy.":[23],"These":[24],"consist":[26],"of":[27,59,79,84,106,192],"two":[28],"separate":[29],"components:":[30],"\"client\"":[32],"app":[33],"managed":[34,53],"national":[37],"public":[38],"health":[39,67],"authority":[40,68],"and":[41,56,89,148,182,186],"Google/Apple":[43],"Exposure":[44],"Notification":[45],"(GAEN)":[46],"service,":[47],"that":[48,65,100],"on":[49,162,197],"Android":[50],"devices":[51],"is":[52,57,109,168,188],"Google":[55,60,102,119,124,173,180],"part":[58],"Play":[61,103,120,174],"Services.":[62],"find":[64,99],"client":[69],"are":[71,154,184],"generally":[72],"well":[73],"behaved":[74],"from":[75,111],"privacy":[77,83,113],"point":[78],"view,":[80],"although":[81],"Irish,":[86],"Polish,":[87],"Danish":[88],"Latvian":[90],"could":[92],"be":[93],"improved.":[94],"In":[95,137],"marked":[96],"contrast,":[97],"we":[98],"Services":[104,121],"component":[105],"these":[107],"problematic":[110],"viewpoint.":[114],"Even":[115],"when":[116,177],"minimally":[117],"configured,":[118],"still":[122],"contacts":[123],"roughly":[126],"every":[127],"20":[128],"minutes,":[129],"potentially":[130],"allowing":[131],"location":[132],"tracking":[133],"via":[134],"IP":[135],"address.":[136],"addition,":[138],"phone":[140,151,163],"IMEI,":[141],"hardware":[142],"serial":[143,146],"number,":[144],"SIM":[145],"number":[147,152],"IMSI,":[149],"handset":[150],"etc":[153],"shared":[155],"Google,":[157],"together":[158],"detailed":[160],"activity.":[164],"This":[165],"collection":[167],"enabled":[169],"simply":[170],"enabling":[172],"Services,":[175],"even":[176],"all":[178],"other":[179],"services":[181],"settings":[183],"disabled,":[185],"so":[187],"unavoidable":[189],"for":[190],"users":[191],"GAEN-based":[193],"Android.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}