{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153702261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488706","title":"On the Performance of Pipelined HotStuff","display_name":"On the Performance of Pipelined HotStuff","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153702261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488706","mag":"3153702261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488706","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081705982","display_name":"Jianyu Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5253-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyu Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","School of Engineering, University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031753527","display_name":"Fangyu Gai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2114-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyu Gai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","School of Engineering, University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002919143","display_name":"Mohammad M. Jalalzai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-4536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad M. Jalalzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","School of Engineering, University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699149","display_name":"Chen Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-0259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","School of Engineering, University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia,School of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8722761869430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.6874223947525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6036067008972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5079150795936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5008454322814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.46391239762306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4614075720310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4422713816165924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.385440856218338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.29755306243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10996359586715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07495203614234924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8722761869430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.6874223947525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6036067008972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5079150795936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5008454322814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.46391239762306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4614075720310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4422713816165924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.385440856218338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.29755306243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10996359586715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07495203614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488706","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192446467","https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1965159636","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2103863878","https://openalex.org/W2110880385","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2139359217","https://openalex.org/W2147524598","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2232910219","https://openalex.org/W2295940006","https://openalex.org/W2470694705","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2531231545","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2613387059","https://openalex.org/W2738891482","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2896715746","https://openalex.org/W2903448660","https://openalex.org/W2942565834","https://openalex.org/W2950226614","https://openalex.org/W2963873436","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2982544778","https://openalex.org/W2990137878","https://openalex.org/W3006021500","https://openalex.org/W3013530784","https://openalex.org/W3018630846","https://openalex.org/W3046841722","https://openalex.org/W3091221697","https://openalex.org/W3093763547","https://openalex.org/W3096691500","https://openalex.org/W3109380690","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3153702261","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4245201945","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6607881844","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6719987976","https://openalex.org/W6728396680","https://openalex.org/W6745143538","https://openalex.org/W6755470337","https://openalex.org/W6757163913","https://openalex.org/W6758121188","https://openalex.org/W6770516700","https://openalex.org/W6776407491","https://openalex.org/W6784857211","https://openalex.org/W6786784156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886165711","https://openalex.org/W4290996430","https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W3183732253","https://openalex.org/W4384299894","https://openalex.org/W4287328371","https://openalex.org/W4323924660","https://openalex.org/W3129544973","https://openalex.org/W4386174973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"HotStuff":[0,35,111,191],"is":[1,22,30,36,53],"a":[2,61],"state-of-the-art":[3,189],"Byzantine":[4,43],"fault-tolerant":[5],"consensus":[6],"protocol.":[7],"It":[8],"can":[9,115,180],"be":[10],"pipelined":[11,34,68,96,110,164,190],"to":[12,40,65,73,117,140,158,171],"build":[13],"large-scale":[14],"blockchains.":[15],"One":[16],"of":[17,42,49,95,109,124,187],"its":[18,45,74,196],"variants":[19],"called":[20],"LibraBFT":[21],"adopted":[23,145],"in":[24,47],"Facebook's":[25],"Libra":[26],"blockchain.":[27],"Although":[28],"it":[29],"well":[31,194],"known":[32],"that":[33,101,125,150,177],"secure":[37],"against":[38],"up":[39],"1/3":[41,129],"nodes,":[44],"performance":[46,70,94],"terms":[48],"throughput":[50],"and":[51,80,88],"delay":[52],"still":[54],"under-explored.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,136,167],"develop":[60],"multi-metric":[62],"evaluation":[63],"framework":[64,139],"quantitatively":[66],"analyze":[67],"HotStuff's":[69],"with":[71],"respect":[72],"chain":[75,78,103,107],"growth":[76,104],"rate,":[77],"quality,":[79],"latency.":[81],"We":[82,148,175],"then":[83],"propose":[84],"several":[85],"attack":[86],"strategies":[87],"evaluate":[89,141],"their":[90],"effects":[91],"on":[92,183],"the":[93,102,154,162,184,188],"HotStuff.":[97,165],"Our":[98],"analysis":[99],"shows":[100],"rate":[105],"(resp,":[106,122],"quality)":[108],"under":[112],"our":[113,138,159,178],"attacks":[114,127,160],"drop":[116],"as":[118,120,193,195],"low":[119],"4/9":[121],"12/17)":[123],"without":[126],"when":[128],"nodes":[130],"are":[131],"Byzantine.":[132],"As":[133],"another":[134],"application,":[135],"use":[137],"certain":[142],"engineering":[143],"optimizations":[144,152],"by":[146],"LibraBFT.":[147],"find":[149],"these":[151,173],"make":[153],"system":[155],"more":[156],"vulnerable":[157],"than":[161],"original":[163],"Finally,":[166],"provide":[168],"two":[169],"countermeasures":[170],"thwart":[172],"attacks.":[174],"hope":[176],"studies":[179],"shed":[181],"light":[182],"rigorous":[185],"understanding":[186],"protocol":[192],"variants.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}