{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2918996422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737650","title":"Routing in Black Box: Modularized Load Balancing for Multipath Data Center Networks","display_name":"Routing in Black Box: Modularized Load Balancing for Multipath Data Center Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2918996422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737650","mag":"2918996422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2019.8737650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737650","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034079073","display_name":"Fujie Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-1599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fujie Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102834373","display_name":"Bing Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102962414","display_name":"Kwan L. Yeung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4590-8760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwan L. Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034079073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95446049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1639","last_page":"1647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8426244258880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.8398679494857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.7919787168502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6825073957443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5851539373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.5183766484260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-based-routing","display_name":"Policy-based routing","score":0.5053680539131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.4790395498275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45866289734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multihoming","display_name":"Multihoming","score":0.4268406629562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4062296748161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.25019434094429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.10495957732200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07935860753059387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8426244258880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.8398679494857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.7919787168502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6825073957443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5851539373397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.5183766484260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.5053680539131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.4790395498275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45866289734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65714651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662626","display_name":"Multihoming","level":4,"score":0.4268406629562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4062296748161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.25019434094429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.10495957732200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07935860753059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2019.8737650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737650","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1698388015","https://openalex.org/W1978175770","https://openalex.org/W1998471240","https://openalex.org/W2038718790","https://openalex.org/W2046901292","https://openalex.org/W2055176966","https://openalex.org/W2062362478","https://openalex.org/W2101471701","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2134889667","https://openalex.org/W2142480021","https://openalex.org/W2157990152","https://openalex.org/W2159128662","https://openalex.org/W2163404313","https://openalex.org/W2169246522","https://openalex.org/W2281291499","https://openalex.org/W2289132804","https://openalex.org/W2465793152","https://openalex.org/W2605280586","https://openalex.org/W2744698795","https://openalex.org/W2889979842","https://openalex.org/W3152000407","https://openalex.org/W3161886301","https://openalex.org/W4235670058","https://openalex.org/W4249923717","https://openalex.org/W4254522945","https://openalex.org/W6684773649","https://openalex.org/W6736026156","https://openalex.org/W6793683303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944616377","https://openalex.org/W2607223747","https://openalex.org/W2286025681","https://openalex.org/W4377970799","https://openalex.org/W2251995179","https://openalex.org/W2613682624","https://openalex.org/W2556128816","https://openalex.org/W4253436398","https://openalex.org/W153071365","https://openalex.org/W2181601090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multipath":[0],"networks":[1,147],"are":[2,85],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,26,82,145,160],"data":[6,27,57],"centers":[7],"and":[8,40,78,110,118,148],"load":[9,32,49,132,143,157],"balancing":[10,33,50,144,158],"is":[11,68,104,127],"one":[12],"of":[13,38],"the":[14,24,36,62,76,79,96,124,130,137,151],"most":[15],"important":[16],"technologies":[17],"to":[18,23,75],"improve":[19],"their":[20],"performances.":[21],"Due":[22],"ever-increasing":[25],"center":[28,58],"network":[29],"size,":[30],"existing":[31],"algorithms":[34,159],"face":[35],"challenges":[37],"efficiency":[39],"scalability.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,101],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"a":[47,65,90,116],"new":[48,138,152],"algorithm":[51,139,153],"for":[52,108],"large-scale,":[53],"multi-tier":[54,66],"fat-tree":[55,67],"based":[56,128],"networks.":[59],"Different":[60],"from":[61],"conventional":[63],"architectures,":[64],"divided":[69],"into":[70],"multiple":[71],"routing":[72,80,91,125],"domains":[73,84],"according":[74],"topology,":[77],"processes":[81],"different":[83],"independent.":[86],"The":[87],"devices":[88],"outside":[89],"domain":[92],"can":[93,140],"only":[94],"access":[95],"specific":[97],"interfaces":[98],"provided":[99],"by":[100],"domain.":[102],"It":[103],"thus":[105],"very":[106],"convenient":[107],"deployment":[109],"modular":[111],"upgrade.":[112],"We":[113,134],"also":[114],"design":[115],"distributed":[117],"data-driven":[119],"feedback":[120],"mechanism,":[121],"with":[122],"which":[123],"decision":[126],"on":[129],"global":[131],"information.":[133],"prove":[135],"that":[136,150],"achieve":[141],"perfect":[142],"multipath":[146],"show":[149],"outperforms":[154],"all":[155],"other":[156],"performance.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}