{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920126279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737588","title":"Hardening Database Padding for Searchable Encryption","display_name":"Hardening Database Padding for Searchable Encryption","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920126279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737588","mag":"2920126279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2019.8737588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737588","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100781026","display_name":"Lei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-6640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064553444","display_name":"Xingliang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-4946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801239119","display_name":"Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02qa5kg76","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801037857","https://openalex.org/I2801239119","https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingliang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801239119","https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390514","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-315X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391116","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-8525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028945912","display_name":"Chungen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-5913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chungen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95911788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/padding","display_name":"Padding","score":0.9815492630004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8209432363510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5908223390579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5401545763015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4647471308708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.42202073335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4217436909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.39436426758766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14616695046424866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165435473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509884","display_name":"Padding","level":2,"score":0.9815492630004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8209432363510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5908223390579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5401545763015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4647471308708191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.42202073335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4217436909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.39436426758766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14616695046424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2019.8737588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2019.8737588","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502708590","https://openalex.org/W1976985517","https://openalex.org/W1993614399","https://openalex.org/W2001154722","https://openalex.org/W2011212169","https://openalex.org/W2033165262","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2086763678","https://openalex.org/W2134089414","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2152516507","https://openalex.org/W2294930336","https://openalex.org/W2404098708","https://openalex.org/W2408284914","https://openalex.org/W2472177816","https://openalex.org/W2520286728","https://openalex.org/W2724295488","https://openalex.org/W2733763278","https://openalex.org/W2765463836","https://openalex.org/W2792158747","https://openalex.org/W2794968362","https://openalex.org/W2891250116","https://openalex.org/W2950325202","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W6630154691","https://openalex.org/W6679849079","https://openalex.org/W6682311248","https://openalex.org/W6713547331","https://openalex.org/W6720239471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362737126","https://openalex.org/W2369342331","https://openalex.org/W2084387089","https://openalex.org/W2348544381","https://openalex.org/W4311721681","https://openalex.org/W1762411088","https://openalex.org/W4296285654","https://openalex.org/W2475403965","https://openalex.org/W3024231903","https://openalex.org/W2374348909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Searchable":[0],"encryption":[1],"(SE)":[2],"is":[3,50,81],"a":[4,53,180],"practical":[5],"crypto-graphic":[6],"primitive":[7],"to":[8,78,92,108,122],"build":[9],"encrypted":[10],"databases.":[11],"Recently":[12],"there":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"much":[16],"attention":[17],"in":[18,84],"leakage-abuse":[19],"attacks":[20,25],"against":[21,142],"SE.":[22],"Among":[23],"others,":[24],"based":[26,106],"on":[27,179],"inference":[28],"of":[29,61,129,193],"keyword":[30],"frequency":[31],"can":[32],"easily":[33],"identify":[34],"query":[35,42],"keywords":[36],"from":[37,95,149],"the":[38,62,67,110,124,127,130,139,166,171,189],"access":[39],"pattern,":[40],"i.e.,":[41],"results.":[43],"To":[44],"mitigate":[45],"these":[46],"attacks,":[47],"database":[48],"padding":[49,70,80,115,143,161,196],"considered":[51],"as":[52],"conceptually":[54],"simple":[55],"yet":[56],"effective":[57],"counter-measure.":[58],"Unfortunately,":[59],"none":[60],"existing":[63],"studies":[64],"formally":[65],"understand":[66],"relationship":[68],"between":[69,126,173],"security":[71,111],"strength":[72,112],"and":[73,133,170,175,187,191],"its":[74],"overhead.":[75,116],"Also,":[76],"how":[77],"craft":[79],"not":[82],"restricted":[83],"current":[85],"countermeasures,":[86],"where":[87],"bogus":[88,176],"files":[89],"are":[90],"likely":[91],"be":[93],"distinguishable":[94],"real":[96,174],"ones.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"paper,":[100],"we":[101,118,137,152],"propose":[102],"an":[103,155],"information":[104],"theory":[105],"framework":[107],"analyse":[109],"under":[113],"certain":[114],"First,":[117],"leverage":[119],"relative":[120],"entropy":[121,146],"measure":[123],"\u201ccloseness\u201d":[125],"distributions":[128],"original":[131],"dataset":[132,168,182],"padded":[134,167],"dataset.":[135],"Second,":[136],"quantity":[138],"attack":[140],"efforts":[141],"countermeasures":[144],"by":[145],"analysis.":[147],"Apart":[148],"theoretical":[150,185],"findings,":[151],"further":[153],"devise":[154],"algorithm":[156],"via":[157],"outlier":[158],"detection":[159],"for":[160],"generation,":[162],"which":[163],"considers":[164],"both":[165],"distribution":[169],"similarity":[172],"files.":[177],"Evaluations":[178],"real-world":[181],"confirm":[183],"our":[184,194],"results":[186],"demonstrate":[188],"efficiency":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"proposed":[195],"generation":[197],"algorithm.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
