{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791171246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486399","title":"Following the Shadow: Agile 3-D Beam-Steering for 60 GHz Wireless Networks","display_name":"Following the Shadow: Agile 3-D Beam-Steering for 60 GHz Wireless Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791171246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486399","mag":"2791171246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2018.8486399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486399","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039025617","display_name":"Anfu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-3350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anfu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850079","display_name":"Leilei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-5745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046139409","display_name":"Shaoqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-8772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710713","display_name":"Huad\u00f3ng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Intell. Telecomm. Software and Multimedia, Beijing University of Posts and Telecomm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103182469","display_name":"Teng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390687","display_name":"Xinyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-8056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and C omputer Engineering, University of California San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and C omputer Engineering, University of California San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039025617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96346503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2375","last_page":"2383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7295374870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.6722651124000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5682246685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5064986944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4751867353916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4139566719532013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3281727433204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19535890221595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1640585958957672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1361059546470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.09382310509681702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7295374870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.6722651124000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5682246685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5064986944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4751867353916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4139566719532013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3281727433204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19535890221595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1640585958957672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1361059546470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.09382310509681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2018.8486399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486399","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504983838","https://openalex.org/W1984107941","https://openalex.org/W1990391098","https://openalex.org/W1990690828","https://openalex.org/W2009263081","https://openalex.org/W2106275682","https://openalex.org/W2115147171","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2124490144","https://openalex.org/W2143217585","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2159347248","https://openalex.org/W2240763299","https://openalex.org/W2311907317","https://openalex.org/W2312175257","https://openalex.org/W2472003219","https://openalex.org/W2508233192","https://openalex.org/W2583332042","https://openalex.org/W2593251263","https://openalex.org/W2605169544","https://openalex.org/W2605315041","https://openalex.org/W2761083975","https://openalex.org/W2761497348","https://openalex.org/W2761994205","https://openalex.org/W2771722572","https://openalex.org/W3006030140","https://openalex.org/W6677488109","https://openalex.org/W6698103177","https://openalex.org/W6698369844","https://openalex.org/W6732290384","https://openalex.org/W6736207673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2135356811","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W3007982026","https://openalex.org/W3000714840","https://openalex.org/W2760721665","https://openalex.org/W4294974825","https://openalex.org/W4361829742","https://openalex.org/W4308082816","https://openalex.org/W2943580202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"60":[0,36,92,156,178,207],"GHz":[1,37,93,157,179,208],"networks,":[2],"with":[3,121,211,224],"multi-Gbps":[4],"bitrate,":[5],"are":[6],"considered":[7],"as":[8,16,188],"the":[9,47,51,69,86,97,173,184,191,225],"enabling":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,154],"emerging":[13],"applications":[14],"such":[15],"wireless":[17],"Virtual":[18],"Reality":[19],"(VR)":[20],"and":[21,28,55,71,101,125,164,172,181],"4K/8K":[22],"real-time":[23],"Miracast.":[24],"However,":[25],"user":[26],"motion,":[27],"even":[29],"orientation":[30,56],"change,":[31],"can":[32,150],"cause":[33],"mis-alignment":[34],"between":[35,169],"transceivers'":[38],"directional":[39],"beams,":[40],"thus":[41],"causing":[42],"severe":[43],"link":[44,94],"outage.":[45],"Within":[46],"practical":[48,131],"3D":[49,89,107,132,142,160,170,185],"spaces,":[50],"combination":[52],"of":[53,62,88,99,177,199],"location":[54],"dynamics":[57],"leads":[58],"to":[59,84,189,221],"exponential":[60],"growth":[61],"beam":[63,114],"searching":[64],"complexity,":[65],"which":[66,117,149],"substantially":[67],"exacerbates":[68],"outage":[70],"hinders":[72],"fast":[73],"recovery.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,138],"first":[79],"conduct":[80],"an":[81],"extensive":[82],"measurement":[83],"analyze":[85],"impact":[87],"motion":[90,108,127],"on":[91,204],"performance,":[95],"in":[96,130,159],"context":[98],"VR":[100],"Miracast":[102],"applications.":[103],"We":[104],"find":[105],"that":[106],"exhibits":[109],"inherent":[110],"non-predictability,":[111],"so":[112,187],"conventional":[113],"steering":[115],"solutions,":[116],"targets":[118],"2D":[119],"scenarios":[120],"lower":[122],"search":[123,192],"space":[124,186],"short-term":[126],"coherence,":[128],"fail":[129],"setup.":[133],"Motivated":[134],"by":[135,194],"these":[136],"observations,":[137],"propose":[139],"a":[140,166,205,212],"model-driven":[141],"beam-steering":[143],"mechanism":[144],"called":[145],"Orthogonal":[146],"Scanner":[147],"(OScan),":[148],"maintain":[151],"high":[152],"performance":[153],"mobile":[155],"links":[158],"space.":[161],"OScan":[162],"discovers":[163],"leverages":[165],"hidden":[167],"interaction":[168],"beams":[171],"spatial":[174],"channel":[175],"profile":[176],"radios,":[180],"strategically":[182],"scans":[183],"reduce":[190],"latency":[193],"more":[195],"than":[196],"one":[197],"order":[198],"magnitude.":[200],"Experiment":[201],"results":[202],"based":[203],"custom-built":[206],"platform":[209],"along":[210],"trace-driven":[213],"emulator":[214],"demonstrate":[215],"OScan's":[216],"remarkable":[217],"throughput":[218],"gain,":[219],"up":[220],"5\u00d7,":[222],"compared":[223],"state-of-the-art.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}