{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791970996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486271","title":"It's All in the Name: Why Some URLs are More Vulnerable to Typosquatting","display_name":"It's All in the Name: Why Some URLs are More Vulnerable to Typosquatting","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791970996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486271","mag":"2791970996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2018.8486271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089339406","display_name":"Rashid Tahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-0050"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Prince Mugrin, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Prince Mugrin, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017931402","display_name":"Ali Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6949-3846"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039046694","display_name":"Faizan Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0595-5343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faizan Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074654535","display_name":"Jehangir Kazi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jehangir Kazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011363617","display_name":"Fareed Zaffar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fareed Zaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070578895","display_name":"Chris Kanich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-2168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Kanich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038897777","display_name":"Matthew Caesar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Caesar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85799181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2618","last_page":"2626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7937279343605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.7829903364181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blacklist","display_name":"Blacklist","score":0.535105288028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5210134983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitor-analysis","display_name":"Competitor analysis","score":0.49274352192878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4564712941646576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.44271132349967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3692750930786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.19464167952537537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7937279343605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.7829903364181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2535979","display_name":"Blacklist","level":2,"score":0.535105288028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5210134983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.49274352192878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4564712941646576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.44271132349967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3692750930786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.19464167952537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2018.8486271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2018.8486271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57130263","https://openalex.org/W431208527","https://openalex.org/W1546563748","https://openalex.org/W1600184236","https://openalex.org/W1637101047","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1793087945","https://openalex.org/W1984816986","https://openalex.org/W1989214297","https://openalex.org/W1995804323","https://openalex.org/W2004230260","https://openalex.org/W2018443066","https://openalex.org/W2019237106","https://openalex.org/W2019591091","https://openalex.org/W2020709024","https://openalex.org/W2033226746","https://openalex.org/W2033608102","https://openalex.org/W2050635659","https://openalex.org/W2052022357","https://openalex.org/W2061927934","https://openalex.org/W2063998282","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2073082059","https://openalex.org/W2074026205","https://openalex.org/W2074231493","https://openalex.org/W2087843203","https://openalex.org/W2113121090","https://openalex.org/W2118057274","https://openalex.org/W2152685880","https://openalex.org/W2165109377","https://openalex.org/W2435129795","https://openalex.org/W2577664326","https://openalex.org/W2753871665","https://openalex.org/W2963647121","https://openalex.org/W4237719719","https://openalex.org/W6602241043","https://openalex.org/W6614932387","https://openalex.org/W6635840748","https://openalex.org/W6684198832","https://openalex.org/W6743469615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794575345","https://openalex.org/W2779627157","https://openalex.org/W2334141798","https://openalex.org/W4375830807","https://openalex.org/W3200671490","https://openalex.org/W3046058513","https://openalex.org/W4313492216","https://openalex.org/W4387790435","https://openalex.org/W2183312460","https://openalex.org/W2731458439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Typosquatting":[0],"is":[1,23,140],"a":[2,42,48,95,105,141],"blackhat":[3],"practice":[4],"that":[5,138],"relies":[6],"on":[7],"human":[8,74],"error":[9],"and":[10,38,79,93,110,134,143],"low-cost":[11],"domain":[12],"registrations":[13],"to":[14,56,64],"hijack":[15],"legitimate":[16],"traffic":[17,29],"from":[18],"well-established":[19],"websites.":[20],"The":[21],"technique":[22],"typically":[24],"used":[25],"for":[26,44,101,108,121],"phishing,":[27],"driving":[28],"towards":[30],"competitors":[31],"or":[32,35],"disseminating":[33],"indecent":[34],"malicious":[36],"content":[37],"as":[39],"such":[40],"remains":[41],"concern":[43],"businesses.":[45],"We":[46,69,86],"take":[47],"fresh":[49],"new":[50],"look":[51],"at":[52],"this":[53,139],"well-studied":[54],"phenomenon":[55],"explore":[57,70],"why":[58],"some":[59],"URLs":[60],"are":[61],"more":[62],"vulnerable":[63],"typing":[65,80],"mistakes":[66,81],"than":[67],"others.":[68],"the":[71,117],"relationship":[72],"between":[73],"hand":[75,111],"anatomy,":[76],"keyboard":[77],"layouts":[78],"using":[82,104],"various":[83],"URL":[84,103,123,133],"datasets.":[85],"create":[87],"an":[88],"extensive":[89],"user-centric":[90],"typographical":[91],"model":[92,115],"compute":[94],"Hardness":[96],"Quotient":[97],"(likelihood":[98],"of":[99],"mistyping)":[100],"each":[102,122],"quantitative":[106],"measure":[107],"finger":[109],"effort.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"our":[114],"predicts":[116],"most":[118],"likely":[119],"typos":[120],"which":[124],"can":[125],"then":[126],"be":[127],"defensively":[128],"registered.":[129],"Cross-validation":[130],"against":[131],"actual":[132],"DNS":[135],"datasets":[136],"suggests":[137],"meaningful":[142],"effective":[144],"defense":[145],"mechanism.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
