{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2764140615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2017.8057060","title":"Electric grid power flow model camouflage against topology leaking attacks","display_name":"Electric grid power flow model camouflage against topology leaking attacks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2764140615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2017.8057060","mag":"2764140615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2017.8057060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2017.8057060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056181645","display_name":"Ian Markwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-2445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Markwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620891","display_name":"Yao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-4575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113848800","display_name":"Kevin Kwiat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Kwiat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108620592","display_name":"Charles Kamhoua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Kamhoua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056181645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74498471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.7411131858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7074054479598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.5867663621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-flow","display_name":"Power flow","score":0.5751574039459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5600581169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5313421487808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.49338284134864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.46914616227149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4605952501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3751445412635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34291356801986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16299322247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1414097547531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13205227255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10782638192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09782525897026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08182835578918457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.7411131858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7074054479598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.5867663621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.5751574039459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5600581169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5313421487808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49338284134864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.46914616227149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4605952501296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3751445412635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34291356801986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16299322247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1414097547531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13205227255821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10782638192176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09782525897026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08182835578918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2017.8057060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2017.8057060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605663379","https://openalex.org/W1535327586","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1936068779","https://openalex.org/W2003159467","https://openalex.org/W2037520224","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2067417819","https://openalex.org/W2083042020","https://openalex.org/W2099454557","https://openalex.org/W2119667497","https://openalex.org/W2481685489","https://openalex.org/W2799018399","https://openalex.org/W2963733297","https://openalex.org/W4211168034","https://openalex.org/W4214484041","https://openalex.org/W6634253960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978048274","https://openalex.org/W2348329006","https://openalex.org/W2379031960","https://openalex.org/W2376458710","https://openalex.org/W2231217681","https://openalex.org/W2914759737","https://openalex.org/W2984158411","https://openalex.org/W4253283976","https://openalex.org/W4231347762","https://openalex.org/W2386042020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"power":[1,6,32,58,140],"flow":[2,33,59,141],"model":[3,34,43,102,120,163,174],"for":[4,176],"DC":[5],"grids":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"used":[10],"theoretically":[11],"to":[12,84,92,96,128,148],"launch":[13,85],"false":[14],"data":[15],"injection":[16],"attacks":[17,115],"(FDIAs)":[18],"against":[19],"state":[20],"estimation.":[21],"We":[22,52,88],"recognize":[23],"FDIAs":[24,178],"are":[25],"just":[26],"one":[27],"possible":[28],"attack":[29],"using":[30],"the":[31,37,42,57,63,76,105,129,138,155,173,192],"and":[35,61,182],"that":[36,81,183],"grid":[38,126],"topology":[39,64,156],"information":[40,111],"within":[41],"implies":[44],"its":[45],"discovery":[46],"may":[47,157],"also":[48,89],"facilitate":[49],"topology-based":[50],"attacks.":[51],"show":[53],"attackers":[54,70,95],"can":[55,71],"derive":[56,97],"model,":[60,77],"thus":[62],"also.":[65],"Indeed,":[66],"with":[67,160,179],"incomplete":[68],"data,":[69],"accurately":[72],"reconstruct":[73],"regions":[74],"of":[75,154,169,172,187],"or":[78],"topology,":[79],"all":[80,190],"is":[82],"necessary":[83],"an":[86,151],"attack.":[87],"illustrate":[90],"how":[91],"cause":[93],"such":[94],"instead":[98],"a":[99,161],"convincing":[100],"fake":[101,119],"by":[103],"camouflaging":[104],"real":[106],"model.":[107],"Consequently,":[108],"no":[109],"sensitive":[110],"will":[112,121],"leak,":[113],"so":[114],"based":[116],"on":[117],"this":[118],"be":[122,158],"ineffective,":[123],"rather":[124],"alerting":[125],"administrators":[127],"attacker's":[130],"efforts.":[131],"Using":[132],"five":[133],"test":[134],"cases":[135],"included":[136],"in":[137,189],"MATLAB":[139],"analysis":[142],"tool":[143],"MATPOWER,":[144],"ranging":[145],"from":[146],"9":[147],"300":[149],"buses,":[150],"average":[152],"67.0%":[153],"derived":[159],"69.1%":[162],"accuracy.":[164],"Lastly,":[165],"we":[166],"find":[167],"reconstructions":[168],"small":[170],"portions":[171],"sufficient":[175],"performing":[177],"75%":[180],"success,":[181],"camouflage":[184],"prevents":[185],"93%":[186],"them":[188],"but":[191],"9-bus":[193],"case.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}