{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2252982744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2016.7524349","title":"On the synchronization bottleneck of OpenStack Swift-like cloud storage systems","display_name":"On the synchronization bottleneck of OpenStack Swift-like cloud storage systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2252982744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2016.7524349","mag":"2252982744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2016.7524349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2016.7524349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/23826","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053738446","display_name":"Thierry Titcheu Chekam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-1831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["CN","LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Titcheu Chekam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg","School of Software TNLIST, and KLISS MoE, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software TNLIST, and KLISS MoE, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108657726","display_name":"Ennan Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ennan Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yale University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yale University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357942","display_name":"Zhenhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-7004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software TNLIST, and KLISS MoE, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software TNLIST, and KLISS MoE, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091090025","display_name":"Yong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000596496","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-6277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115441956","display_name":"Buffalo State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ms04m92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115441956"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SUNY Buffalo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SUNY Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115441956","https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053738446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98199602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sync","display_name":"sync","score":0.88487708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7791996002197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-storage","display_name":"Cloud storage","score":0.6059108376502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5528935790061951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-storage","display_name":"Object storage","score":0.503257691860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.48673465847969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.47130119800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eventual-consistency","display_name":"Eventual consistency","score":0.4453137516975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.42863672971725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3573263883590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.31932637095451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.22331801056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.16238275170326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.16187423467636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.14831018447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09535133838653564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3913047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956265","display_name":"sync","level":3,"score":0.88487708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7791996002197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777059624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914359","display_name":"Cloud storage","level":3,"score":0.6059108376502991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5528935790061951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56640594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075068","display_name":"Object storage","level":3,"score":0.503257691860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.48673465847969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.47130119800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34422012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6125872","display_name":"Eventual consistency","level":4,"score":0.4453137516975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.42863672971725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3573263883590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.31932637095451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.22331801056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.16238275170326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.16187423467636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.14831018447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09535133838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2016.7524349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2016.7524349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/23826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/23826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, San Francisco, CA 10-15 April 2016, 9 (2016-04); IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications 2016 (INFOCOM 2016), San Francisco, United States - California [US-CA], 10-04-2016 to 15-04-2016","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/23826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/23826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, San Francisco, CA 10-15 April 2016, 9 (2016-04); IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications 2016 (INFOCOM 2016), San Francisco, United States - California [US-CA], 10-04-2016 to 15-04-2016","raw_type":"conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163738642","https://openalex.org/W1510496002","https://openalex.org/W1602193077","https://openalex.org/W1779647772","https://openalex.org/W1965820880","https://openalex.org/W2005725110","https://openalex.org/W2016669115","https://openalex.org/W2020765652","https://openalex.org/W2024347823","https://openalex.org/W2054584570","https://openalex.org/W2063547430","https://openalex.org/W2097382465","https://openalex.org/W2101505570","https://openalex.org/W2117260615","https://openalex.org/W2119631914","https://openalex.org/W2146978235","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2158049821","https://openalex.org/W2161730338","https://openalex.org/W2491581168","https://openalex.org/W2624304035","https://openalex.org/W3139430581","https://openalex.org/W4250390143","https://openalex.org/W6630529663","https://openalex.org/W6638073290","https://openalex.org/W6674903683","https://openalex.org/W6738874634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202001241","https://openalex.org/W2271302663","https://openalex.org/W3185510382","https://openalex.org/W2481883626","https://openalex.org/W2386835860","https://openalex.org/W2946119021","https://openalex.org/W4285278664","https://openalex.org/W2116047956","https://openalex.org/W2376586212","https://openalex.org/W2752618300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"one":[1],"type":[2],"of":[3,38,50,58,160,183,198,216,252,261,284],"the":[4,70,84,127,145,152,157,179,195,205,214,227,241,257,273,282,291,296,303],"most":[5],"popular":[6],"cloud":[7],"storage":[8,22,63,188],"services,":[9],"OpenStack":[10,103,161,325],"Swift":[11,104,162],"and":[12,24,33,55,68,77,83,106,123,134,163,174,321,335],"its":[13,166,200],"follow-up":[14],"systems":[15],"replicate":[16],"each":[17,53,62,187,262],"data":[18,263],"object":[19,26,39,85,95,128,167,233],"across":[20],"multiple":[21],"nodes":[23],"leverage":[25],"sync":[27,40,86,96,129,146,168,212,234,242,329],"protocols":[28,41],"to":[29,89,143,150,177,192,203,225,295,309,324,333,340],"achieve":[30],"high":[31],"availability":[32],"eventual":[34],"consistency.":[35],"The":[36],"performance":[37],"heavily":[42],"relies":[43],"on":[44],"two":[45,246],"key":[46],"parameters:":[47],"r":[48,74,120],"(number":[49,57],"replicas":[51,182,287],"for":[52],"object)":[54],"\u03b7":[56],"objects":[59,202],"hosted":[60,201],"by":[61,81,244,288,331,338],"node).":[64],"In":[65,185,311],"existing":[66],"tutorials":[67],"demos,":[69],"configurations":[71],"are":[72],"usually":[73],"=":[75],"3":[76,122],"n":[78,124],"<;":[79],"1000":[80],"default,":[82],"process":[87,130],"seems":[88],"perform":[90],"well.":[91],"To":[92],"deep":[93],"understand":[94],"protocols,":[97],"we":[98,155,229,313],"first":[99],"make":[100],"a":[101,171,211,231,266],"lab-scale":[102],"deployment":[105],"run":[107],"experiments":[108],"with":[109,272],"various":[110],"configurations.":[111],"We":[112],"discover":[113],"that":[114,165],"in":[115,210],"data-intensive":[116],"scenarios,":[117],"e.g.,":[118],"when":[119],">":[121],"\u226b":[125],"1000,":[126],"is":[131,141,190,222],"significantly":[132],"delayed":[133],"produces":[135],"massive":[136],"network":[137,305,336],"overhead.":[138],"This":[139],"phenomenon":[140],"referred":[142],"as":[144,317],"bottleneck":[147],"problem.":[148],"Then,":[149],"explore":[151],"root":[153],"cause,":[154],"review":[156],"source":[158],"code":[159],"find":[164],"protocol":[169,235],"utilizes":[170],"fairly":[172],"simple":[173],"network-intensive":[175],"approach":[176],"check":[178],"consistency":[180,283],"among":[181],"objects.":[184],"particular,":[186],"node":[189,221],"required":[191],"periodically":[193],"multicast":[194],"hash":[196,218,259,270,293],"values":[197,219,260],"all":[199,204,256],"other":[206],"replica":[207],"nodes.":[208],"Thus":[209],"round,":[213],"number":[215],"exchanged":[217],"per":[220],"\u0398(n\u00d7r).":[223],"Further,":[224],"tackle":[226],"problem,":[228],"propose":[230],"lightweight":[232],"called":[236],"LightSync.":[237],"It":[238],"remarkably":[239],"reduces":[240,302],"overhead":[243,306,337],"using":[245],"novel":[247],"building":[248],"blocks:":[249],"1)":[250],"Hashing":[251],"Hashes,":[253],"which":[254,280],"aggregates":[255],"h":[258],"partition":[264,286],"into":[265],"single":[267],"but":[268],"representative":[269],"value":[271,294],"Merkle":[274],"tree;":[275],"2)":[276],"Circular":[277],"Hash":[278],"Checking,":[279],"checks":[281],"different":[285],"only":[289],"sending":[290],"aggregated":[292],"clockwise":[297],"neighbor.":[298],"Its":[299],"design":[300],"provably":[301],"per-node":[304],"from":[307],"\u0398(n\u00d7r)":[308],"\u0398(n/h).":[310],"addition,":[312],"have":[314],"implemented":[315],"LightSync":[316],"an":[318],"open-source":[319],"patch":[320],"adopted":[322],"it":[323],"Swift,":[326],"thus":[327],"reducing":[328],"delay":[330],"up":[332,339],"28.8\u00d7":[334],"14.2\u00d7.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}