{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989812994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2014.6848035","title":"Power consumption of virtual machines with network transactions: Measurement and improvements","display_name":"Power consumption of virtual machines with network transactions: Measurement and improvements","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989812994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2014.6848035","mag":"1989812994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2014.6848035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2014.6848035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051613770","display_name":"Ryan Shea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-2036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["CA","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Shea","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, TheUniversity of Aizu","[Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, TheUniversity of Aizu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438288","display_name":"Haiyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-2686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, TheUniversity of Aizu","[Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, TheUniversity of Aizu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039311485","display_name":"Jiangchuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-1984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["CA","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangchuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, TheUniversity of Aizu","[Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, TheUniversity of Aizu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051613770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182","https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98027642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1051","last_page":"1059"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.8491520881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8228731155395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6871557831764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.6408448219299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6088899970054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5584027171134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5565786957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.509881854057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-processing","display_name":"Packet processing","score":0.5079222321510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.49400001764297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4544132947921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-virtualization","display_name":"Network virtualization","score":0.4386560320854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.07404336333274841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.8491520881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8228731155395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6871557831764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.6408448219299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6088899970054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5584027171134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5565786957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.509881854057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122997","display_name":"Packet processing","level":3,"score":0.5079222321510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.49400001764297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4544132947921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.4386560320854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.07404336333274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom.2014.6848035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2014.6848035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.641.916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.641.916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/Papers/PowerConsumption.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311500","display_name":"University of Minnesota Duluth","ror":"https://ror.org/01hy4qx27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204275623","https://openalex.org/W1937843148","https://openalex.org/W1966928035","https://openalex.org/W1971739358","https://openalex.org/W2004482359","https://openalex.org/W2008192747","https://openalex.org/W2059028787","https://openalex.org/W2078453919","https://openalex.org/W2096299490","https://openalex.org/W2108444001","https://openalex.org/W2108812856","https://openalex.org/W2109546606","https://openalex.org/W2111234504","https://openalex.org/W2112320297","https://openalex.org/W2140919237","https://openalex.org/W2140953464","https://openalex.org/W2146314716","https://openalex.org/W2159081109","https://openalex.org/W2162462435","https://openalex.org/W3000664081","https://openalex.org/W6608320993","https://openalex.org/W6652505055","https://openalex.org/W6676116534","https://openalex.org/W6676173803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005435933","https://openalex.org/W2150042079","https://openalex.org/W2112715807","https://openalex.org/W2495160385","https://openalex.org/W1559332521","https://openalex.org/W1589284876","https://openalex.org/W78055790","https://openalex.org/W2056073119","https://openalex.org/W2811048697","https://openalex.org/W2509762330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2,29],"significant":[3],"studies":[4],"on":[5,37,83,110],"virtual":[6],"machines":[7],"(VMs),":[8],"including":[9],"their":[10],"power":[11,21,39,138],"consumption":[12,22,40],"in":[13,137],"performing":[14,46],"different":[15],"types":[16],"of":[17,41,125],"tasks.":[18,48],"The":[19],"VM's":[20],"with":[23],"network":[24,47],"transactions,":[25],"however,":[26],"has":[27],"seldom":[28],"examined.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"presents":[33],"an":[34],"empirical":[35],"study":[36],"the":[38,116,123,131],"typical":[42],"virtualization":[43],"packages":[44],"while":[45],"We":[49],"find":[50],"that":[51,87,122],"both":[52,62],"Hardware":[53],"Virtualization":[54],"and":[55,64,66,104,135,145],"Paravirtualization":[56],"add":[57],"considerable":[58],"energy":[59,75],"overhead,":[60],"affecting":[61],"sending":[63],"receiving,":[65],"a":[67,88,98,101],"busy":[68],"virtualized":[69],"web-server":[70],"may":[71],"consume":[72],"40%":[73],"more":[74,94],"than":[76,100],"its":[77],"non-virtualized":[78],"counterparts.":[79],"Our":[80],"detailed":[81],"profiling":[82],"packet":[84,99,127],"path":[85],"reveals":[86],"VM":[89,118],"can":[90],"take":[91],"5":[92],"times":[93],"cycles":[95],"to":[96,115],"deliver":[97],"bare-metal":[102],"machine,":[103],"is":[105],"also":[106],"much":[107],"less":[108],"efficient":[109],"caching.":[111],"Without":[112],"fundamental":[113],"changes":[114],"hypervisor-based":[117],"architecture,":[119],"we":[120],"show":[121],"use":[124],"adaptive":[126],"buffering":[128],"potentially":[129],"reduces":[130],"overhead.":[132],"Its":[133],"practicality":[134],"effectiveness":[136],"saving":[139],"are":[140],"validated":[141],"through":[142],"driver-level":[143],"implementation":[144],"experiments.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
