{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963540203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2015.7179459","title":"On the Entity Hardening Problem in multi-layered interdependent networks","display_name":"On the Entity Hardening Problem in multi-layered interdependent networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963540203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2015.7179459","mag":"2963540203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcomw.2015.7179459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2015.7179459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048462658","display_name":"Joydeep Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-6016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joydeep Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043873182","display_name":"Arun Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-6763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064272385","display_name":"Chenyang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-0787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113506310","display_name":"Anisha Mazumder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anisha Mazumder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112853639","display_name":"Arunabha Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5795-3465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunabha Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048462658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84810669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"648","last_page":"653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.7331159710884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7096405029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependent-networks","display_name":"Interdependent networks","score":0.6195065379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5826893448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5704829692840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.4685455560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.405488520860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4033341407775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3509605824947357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2739945948123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.20459848642349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19851186871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14693152904510498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.7331159710884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7096405029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101142422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17101727","display_name":"Interdependent networks","level":3,"score":0.6195065379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5826893448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5704829692840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4685455560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.405488520860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4033341407775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3509605824947357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2739945948123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.20459848642349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19851186871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14693152904510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcomw.2015.7179459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2015.7179459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1865872814","https://openalex.org/W1879056329","https://openalex.org/W1963731728","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W1975622809","https://openalex.org/W1985909783","https://openalex.org/W2001647331","https://openalex.org/W2030660600","https://openalex.org/W2058654052","https://openalex.org/W2149527103","https://openalex.org/W2159863842","https://openalex.org/W2505737590","https://openalex.org/W2950066224","https://openalex.org/W3105687182","https://openalex.org/W6724973868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966811395","https://openalex.org/W3105388512","https://openalex.org/W4236757589","https://openalex.org/W3162545461","https://openalex.org/W3015073397","https://openalex.org/W3081015121","https://openalex.org/W1993285489","https://openalex.org/W2463781450","https://openalex.org/W2968294638","https://openalex.org/W2791240406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,252],"power":[1,243],"grid":[2],"and":[3,32,56,86,191,227,244],"the":[4,20,34,60,66,73,98,108,111,136,148,151,158,170,175,178,182,186,194,202,217,224,231,237],"communication":[5,245],"network":[6,112,127,137,246],"are":[7,52],"highly":[8],"interdependent":[9,30],"on":[10,38],"each":[11],"other":[12],"for":[13,169,201,206,216,223,230],"their":[14],"well":[15],"being.":[16],"In":[17,93],"recent":[18],"times":[19],"research":[21],"community":[22],"has":[23],"shown":[24],"significant":[25],"interest":[26],"in":[27,54,198],"modeling":[28],"such":[29],"networks":[31],"studying":[33],"impact":[35],"of":[36,44,50,68,89,110,150,160,177,239,248],"failures":[37],"these":[39,69],"networks.":[40,70],"Although":[41],"a":[42,87,126,140,228],"number":[43,88],"models":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"proposed,":[48],"many":[49],"them":[51],"simplistic":[53],"nature":[55],"fail":[57],"to":[58,114,131,156,180],"capture":[59],"complex":[61],"interdependencies":[62],"that":[63,80,116,135,193,255],"exist":[64],"between":[65],"entities":[67,162],"To":[71],"overcome":[72],"limitations,":[74],"recently":[75],"an":[76,117,213,220],"Implicative":[77],"Interdependency":[78],"Model":[79],"utilizes":[81],"Boolean":[82],"Logic,":[83],"was":[84],"proposed":[85],"problems":[90],"were":[91],"studied.":[92],"this":[94],"paper":[95],"we":[96,106],"study":[97],"\u201centity":[99,104],"hardening\u201d":[100,105],"problem,":[101],"where":[102],"by":[103],"imply":[107],"ability":[109,176],"operator":[113,138],"ensure":[115,166],"adversary":[118,179],"(be":[119],"it":[120,208],"Nature":[121],"or":[122],"human)":[123],"cannot":[124],"take":[125],"entity":[128,152],"from":[129],"operative":[130],"inoperative":[132],"state.":[133],"Given":[134],"with":[139],"limited":[141],"budget":[142],"can":[143],"only":[144],"harden":[145],"k":[146,161],"entities,":[147],"goal":[149],"hardening":[153,164],"problem":[154,187,195],"is":[155,196,209],"identify":[157],"set":[159],"whose":[163],"will":[165],"maximum":[167],"benefit":[168],"operator,":[171],"i.e.":[172],"maximally":[173],"reduce":[174],"degrade":[181],"network.":[183],"We":[184,211,235],"classify":[185],"into":[188],"four":[189],"cases":[190],"show":[192,254],"solvable":[197],"polynomial":[199],"time":[200],"first":[203],"case,":[204,219,226],"whereas":[205],"others":[207],"NP-complete.":[210],"provide":[212],"inapproximability":[214],"result":[215],"second":[218],"approximation":[221],"algorithm":[222],"third":[225],"heuristic":[229,241,257],"fourth":[232],"(general)":[233],"case.":[234],"evaluate":[236],"efficacy":[238],"our":[240,256],"using":[242],"data":[247],"Maricopa":[249],"County,":[250],"Arizona.":[251],"experiments":[253],"almost":[258],"always":[259],"produces":[260],"near":[261],"optimal":[262],"results.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}