{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010180186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849299","title":"The impact of investment on price competition in unlicensed spectrum","display_name":"The impact of investment on price competition in unlicensed spectrum","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010180186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849299","mag":"2010180186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649872","display_name":"Hang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-1967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mobile and Communications Group Intel Corp","Intel#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobile and Communications Group Intel Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000020871","display_name":"Randall Berry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100400","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6w7z96","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]}],"countries":["PH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall A. Berry","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS Department, Northwestern University","Northwestern University, Evanston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS Department, Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016921772","display_name":"Michael L. Honig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-6273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100400","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6w7z96","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]}],"countries":["PH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Honig","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS Department, Northwestern University","Northwestern University, Evanston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS Department, Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010335625","display_name":"Rakesh Vohra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-0827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Vohra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania","University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11224757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"598","last_page":"603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.7510576844215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.5733035206794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.47528424859046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4572470188140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.4172459840774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41077014803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3320692181587219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7510576844215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5733035206794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.47528424859046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4572470188140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4172459840774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41077014803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3320692181587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcomw.2014.6849299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.713.3322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.713.3322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.eecs.northwestern.edu/%7Erberry/Pubs/sdp_2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112021779","https://openalex.org/W1489741075","https://openalex.org/W1533714622","https://openalex.org/W2007197597","https://openalex.org/W2065645993","https://openalex.org/W2082053696","https://openalex.org/W2084281377","https://openalex.org/W2100391678","https://openalex.org/W2110155180","https://openalex.org/W2152700602","https://openalex.org/W2235269566","https://openalex.org/W2517456516","https://openalex.org/W2625845518","https://openalex.org/W2764937720","https://openalex.org/W3121231138","https://openalex.org/W3121324133","https://openalex.org/W3121957740","https://openalex.org/W3125903500","https://openalex.org/W4249537365","https://openalex.org/W6739496289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1502198272","https://openalex.org/W2017540542","https://openalex.org/W2006758266","https://openalex.org/W2066504725","https://openalex.org/W1527813328","https://openalex.org/W2073254488","https://openalex.org/W2104764082","https://openalex.org/W2910174555","https://openalex.org/W2367167857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Opening":[0],"\u201cprime\u201d":[1],"spectrum":[2],"to":[3,20,24,101,119,129,175,204,208],"unlicensed":[4,87],"usage":[5],"can":[6],"lower":[7],"the":[8,29,54,65,72,103,126,153,158,167,170,188,195,198,209],"costs":[9,46],"for":[10,80],"offering":[11],"wide":[12],"area":[13],"wireless":[14],"services":[15],"but":[16],"may":[17,37,193],"also":[18],"lead":[19],"greater":[21],"congestion":[22,127,206],"due":[23,128,207],"multiple":[25,81,191],"providers":[26,36,70,83,108,149,192],"operating":[27],"in":[28,39,57,60,71,84,147,164],"same":[30],"band.":[31,88],"To":[32],"mitigate":[33],"congestion,":[34],"service":[35,107],"invest":[38],"more":[40],"infrastructure":[41],"or":[42],"better":[43],"technology.":[44],"The":[45],"of":[47,67,106,113,137,155,160,169,201,211],"such":[48,78],"investments":[49,66],"must":[50],"be":[51,176],"weighed":[52],"against":[53],"potential":[55],"gains":[56],"revenue,":[58],"which":[59,148],"turn":[61],"will":[62],"depend":[63],"on":[64,95,151],"other":[68,138,189,212],"competing":[69,82],"shared":[73],"spectrum.":[74,114],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"studies":[77],"trade-offs":[79],"a":[85,110,131,145,179],"common":[86,111],"We":[89],"extend":[90],"models":[91,116],"from":[92],"earlier":[93],"work":[94],"price":[96,159],"competition":[97],"with":[98],"congestible":[99],"resources":[100],"include":[102],"investment":[104,123,156,202],"decisions":[105],"using":[109],"band":[112],"Several":[115],"are":[117],"considered":[118],"capture":[120],"different":[121],"ways":[122],"might":[124],"impact":[125],"both":[130,152],"provider's":[132],"own":[133],"customers":[134,210],"and":[135,157,183],"those":[136],"providers.":[139,213],"For":[140],"each":[141],"model,":[142],"we":[143],"study":[144],"game":[146,172],"decide":[150],"level":[154],"their":[161],"service.":[162],"Interestingly,":[163],"most":[165],"cases,":[166],"equilibrium":[168],"resulting":[171],"is":[173,203],"shown":[174],"that":[177],"only":[178],"single":[180],"provider":[181],"invests":[182],"charges":[184],"monopoly":[185],"prices.":[186],"On":[187],"hand,":[190],"enter":[194],"market":[196],"when":[197],"dominant":[199],"effect":[200],"reduce":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}