{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130335803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195846","title":"Energy-aware load balancing in content delivery networks","display_name":"Energy-aware load balancing in content delivery networks","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130335803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195846","mag":"2130335803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2012.6195846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007969967","display_name":"Vimal Mathew","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037538509","display_name":"Ramesh K. Sitaraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-6875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10734018","display_name":"Akamai (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03tarb191","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10734018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh K. Sitaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akamai Technologies, Inc., USA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akamai Technologies, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10734018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032939724","display_name":"Prashant Shenoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Shenoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":178,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99640881,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"954","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233155012130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7744699716567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.6486343741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6198142766952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.5638065338134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5509724020957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4483005404472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server-farm","display_name":"Server farm","score":0.44476282596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.428634375333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38315004110336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3795924186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23683738708496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client\u2013server-model","display_name":"Client\u2013server model","score":0.10859441757202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.0880359411239624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233155012130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7744699716567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.6486343741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6198142766952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.5638065338134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5509724020957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4483005404472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105908466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261645","display_name":"Server farm","level":4,"score":0.44476282596588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.428634375333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38315004110336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3795924186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23683738708496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152880691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146813","display_name":"Client\u2013server model","level":3,"score":0.10859441757202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0880359411239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2012.6195846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151871119","https://openalex.org/W1590860274","https://openalex.org/W1976986662","https://openalex.org/W1981489410","https://openalex.org/W2030810346","https://openalex.org/W2064359039","https://openalex.org/W2077283969","https://openalex.org/W2099204199","https://openalex.org/W2106664734","https://openalex.org/W2119276484","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2134807578","https://openalex.org/W2135798231","https://openalex.org/W2139041001","https://openalex.org/W2139068841","https://openalex.org/W2149212714","https://openalex.org/W2159186552","https://openalex.org/W6606183382","https://openalex.org/W6635247820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055187606","https://openalex.org/W1969542292","https://openalex.org/W4214914670","https://openalex.org/W1498304890","https://openalex.org/W3006216828","https://openalex.org/W2084875360","https://openalex.org/W2904165227","https://openalex.org/W3123077549","https://openalex.org/W70469698","https://openalex.org/W2770088598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet-scale":[0],"distributed":[1],"systems":[2],"such":[3,31],"as":[4,54,205],"content":[5],"delivery":[6],"networks":[7],"(CDNs)":[8],"operate":[9],"hundreds":[10],"of":[11,13,18,29,40,68,94,125,166,176,187,202],"thousands":[12,17],"servers":[14,65,204],"deployed":[15],"in":[16],"data":[19,131,138,233],"center":[20,132],"locations":[21],"around":[22],"the":[23,26,41,83,92,123,163,203],"globe.":[24],"Since":[25],"energy":[27,52,80,119,164,247],"costs":[28],"operating":[30,43],"a":[32,37,55,130,150,167,173,243],"large":[33,151],"IT":[34],"infrastructure":[35],"are":[36],"significant":[38],"fraction":[39],"total":[42],"costs,":[44],"we":[45,196,225],"argue":[46],"for":[47],"redesigning":[48],"CDNs":[49],"to":[50,61,73,98,117,161,213],"incorporate":[51],"optimizations":[53],"first-order":[56],"principle.":[57],"We":[58,107,140],"propose":[59,108],"techniques":[60],"turn":[62],"off":[63],"CDN":[64,168],"during":[66],"periods":[67],"low":[69],"load":[70,127,135,210,229],"while":[71,171],"seeking":[72],"balance":[74],"three":[75],"key":[76],"design":[77],"goals:":[78],"maximize":[79],"reduction,":[81],"minimize":[82,218],"impact":[84,103,220,245],"on":[85,104,221,246],"client-perceived":[86],"service":[87,237],"availability":[88,177,222,238],"(SLAs),":[89],"and":[90,101,113,133,183,217],"limit":[91],"frequency":[93],"on-off":[95,189],"server":[96,192],"transitions":[97],"reduce":[99,162],"wear-and-tear":[100],"its":[102],"hardware":[105],"reliability.":[106],"an":[109,114,185],"optimal":[110],"offline":[111],"algorithm":[112,116],"online":[115],"extract":[118],"savings":[120],"both":[121],"at":[122],"level":[124,175],"local":[126],"balancing":[128,136],"within":[129],"global":[134,214],"across":[137,230],"centers.":[139],"evaluate":[141],"our":[142],"algorithms":[143],"using":[144],"real":[145],"production":[146],"workload":[147],"traces":[148],"from":[149],"commercial":[152],"CDN.":[153],"Our":[154],"results":[155],"show":[156,197,226],"that":[157,178,198,227],"it":[158],"is":[159],"possible":[160],"consumption":[165],"by":[169],"51%":[170],"ensuring":[172],"high":[174],"meets":[179],"customer":[180],"SLA":[181],"requirements":[182],"incurring":[184],"average":[186],"one":[188],"transition":[190],"per":[191,193],"day.":[194],"Further,":[195],"keeping":[199],"even":[200],"10%":[201],"hot":[206],"spares":[207],"helps":[208],"absorb":[209],"spikes":[211],"due":[212],"flash":[215],"crowds":[216],"any":[219],"SLAs.":[223],"Finally,":[224],"redistributing":[228],"highly":[231],"proximal":[232],"centers":[234],"can":[235],"enhance":[236],"significantly,":[239],"but":[240],"has":[241],"only":[242],"modest":[244],"savings.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}