{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971146648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195759","title":"Phantom: Physical layer cooperation for location privacy protection","display_name":"Phantom: Physical layer cooperation for location privacy protection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971146648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195759","mag":"1971146648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2012.6195759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195759","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019951975","display_name":"Sang-Ho Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-5206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangho Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["WINLAB, Rt 1 Tech Center, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","WINLAB, Rutgers University, Rt 1 Tech Center, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB, Rt 1 Tech Center, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB, Rutgers University, Rt 1 Tech Center, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022767483","display_name":"Tam Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["WINLAB, Rt 1 Tech Center, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","WINLAB, Rutgers University, Rt 1 Tech Center, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB, Rt 1 Tech Center, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB, Rutgers University, Rt 1 Tech Center, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078160983","display_name":"Marco Gruteser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gruteser","raw_affiliation_strings":["WINLAB, Rt 1 Tech Center, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","WINLAB, Rutgers University, Rt 1 Tech Center, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB, Rt 1 Tech Center, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB, Rutgers University, Rt 1 Tech Center, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105422222","display_name":"Suman Banerjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suman Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA","1210 West Dayton St. Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1210 West Dayton St. Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3061","last_page":"3065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.8141671419143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.78741455078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6882378458976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6550841331481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6165672540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5353776216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.53397136926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.46104782819747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45774856209754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19046497344970703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.8141671419143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.78741455078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6882378458976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6550841331481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6165672540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5353776216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.53397136926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.46104782819747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45774856209754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19046497344970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2012.6195759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2012.6195759","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.224.7834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.224.7834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/%7Egruteser/papers/sanghonew.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551517259","https://openalex.org/W1565980524","https://openalex.org/W1895547509","https://openalex.org/W1999221939","https://openalex.org/W2024068391","https://openalex.org/W2046859939","https://openalex.org/W2097095551","https://openalex.org/W2101431076","https://openalex.org/W2103420863","https://openalex.org/W2104646177","https://openalex.org/W2126126271","https://openalex.org/W2148728861","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W4255464467","https://openalex.org/W6633641756","https://openalex.org/W6639655280","https://openalex.org/W6675180612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388150944","https://openalex.org/W2417440389","https://openalex.org/W4385556839","https://openalex.org/W2734382758","https://openalex.org/W4378746257","https://openalex.org/W2109481748","https://openalex.org/W2381719890","https://openalex.org/W4242235492","https://openalex.org/W2948918209","https://openalex.org/W2040853802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localization":[0],"techniques":[1,35],"that":[2,118],"allow":[3,63],"inferring":[4],"the":[5,40,44],"location":[6,37,69,114,122],"of":[7,43,98],"wireless":[8,45],"devices":[9,65,83],"directly":[10],"from":[11,31],"received":[12,50],"signals":[13],"have":[14,48],"exposed":[15],"mobile":[16,64,82],"users":[17],"to":[18,62,94],"new":[19],"threats.":[20],"Adversaries":[21],"can":[22,120],"easily":[23],"collect":[24],"required":[25],"information":[26,38],"(such":[27],"as":[28],"signal":[29],"strength)":[30],"target":[32],"users,":[33],"however,":[34],"securing":[36],"at":[39],"physical":[41],"layer":[42],"communication":[46],"systems":[47],"not":[49],"much":[51],"attention.":[52],"In":[53,75],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,116],"propose":[57],"Phantom,":[58],"a":[59],"novel":[60],"approach":[61],"thwart":[66],"unauthorized":[67],"adversary's":[68],"tracking":[70],"by":[71],"creating":[72],"forged":[73],"locations.":[74],"particular,":[76],"Phantom":[77,119],"leverages":[78],"cooperation":[79],"among":[80,91],"multiple":[81],"in":[84],"close":[85],"vicinity":[86],"and":[87,109],"utilizes":[88],"synchronized":[89],"transmissions":[90],"those":[92],"nodes":[93],"obfuscate":[95],"localization":[96],"efforts":[97],"adversary":[99],"systems.":[100],"Through":[101],"an":[102],"implementation":[103],"on":[104],"software-defined":[105],"radios":[106],"(GNU":[107],"Radios)":[108],"extensive":[110],"simulation":[111],"with":[112],"real":[113],"traces,":[115],"see":[117],"improve":[121],"privacy.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
