{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023973750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2011.5934995","title":"PhishDef: URL names say it all","display_name":"PhishDef: URL names say it all","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023973750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2011.5934995","mag":"2023973750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2011.5934995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2011.5934995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.2275","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103284663","display_name":"Anh Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-8840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA","University of California Irvine (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013543313","display_name":"Athina Markopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athina Markopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA","University of California Irvine (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018876909","display_name":"Michalis Faloutsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-9987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michalis Faloutsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, USA","University of California-Riverside (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California-Riverside (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"191","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.9170453548431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8825652599334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.5631189346313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4728260934352875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noisy-data","display_name":"Noisy data","score":0.4477465748786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.44258052110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.43989327549934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41432157158851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4101327657699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4068921208381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.37115177512168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36455681920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2668549418449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16500359773635864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.9170453548431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8825652599334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.5631189346313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4728260934352875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781170535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30587856","display_name":"Noisy data","level":2,"score":0.4477465748786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.44258052110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.43989327549934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41432157158851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4101327657699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4068921208381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.37115177512168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36455681920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2668549418449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16500359773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2011.5934995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2011.5934995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1009.2275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2275","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.2275","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.229.147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.229.147","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ics.uci.edu/%7Eanhml/publications/Le-INFOCOM-2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1009.2275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2275","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.2275","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50596167","https://openalex.org/W1604437383","https://openalex.org/W1966771059","https://openalex.org/W1985920648","https://openalex.org/W2023973750","https://openalex.org/W2053774863","https://openalex.org/W2104554891","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2121990650","https://openalex.org/W2122537498","https://openalex.org/W2134750673","https://openalex.org/W2139177218","https://openalex.org/W2139565456","https://openalex.org/W2146729596","https://openalex.org/W2295731716","https://openalex.org/W4240840618","https://openalex.org/W4254672699","https://openalex.org/W6656508505","https://openalex.org/W6675682377","https://openalex.org/W6696870837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620652965","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2128507946","https://openalex.org/W2728713145","https://openalex.org/W2131332603","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2072617132","https://openalex.org/W4360993664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phishing":[0],"is":[1,96,130],"an":[2,91],"increasingly":[3],"sophisticated":[4],"method":[5,93,134],"to":[6,15,26,42,89,98,137,161],"steal":[7],"personal":[8],"user":[9],"information":[10],"using":[11,55,65],"sites":[12],"that":[13,39,70,95,118],"pretend":[14],"be":[16],"legitimate.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"we":[21,31,49,80,87,111],"take":[22],"the":[23,37,51,105,125,167],"following":[24],"steps":[25],"identify":[27],"phishing":[28,115],"URLs.":[29],"First,":[30],"carefully":[32],"select":[33],"lexical":[34,57,71],"features":[35,72],"of":[36,169],"URLs":[38],"are":[40,73],"resistant":[41],"obfuscation":[43],"techniques":[44],"used":[45],"by":[46],"attackers.":[47],"Second,":[48],"evaluate":[50],"classification":[52,84,155],"accuracy":[53],"when":[54,64],"only":[56,120],"features,":[58],"both":[59],"automatically":[60],"and":[61,86,123,148,159],"hand-selected,":[62],"vs.":[63],"additional":[66],"features.":[67],"We":[68],"show":[69],"sufficient":[74],"for":[75,146],"all":[76],"practical":[77],"purposes.":[78],"Third,":[79],"thoroughly":[81],"compare":[82],"several":[83],"algorithms,":[85],"propose":[88,112],"use":[90,168],"online":[92,147,154],"(AROW)":[94],"able":[97],"overcome":[99],"noisy":[100,171],"training":[101,162,172],"data.":[102],"Based":[103],"on":[104,153],"insights":[106],"gained":[107],"from":[108],"our":[109],"analysis,":[110],"PhishDef,":[113],"a":[114,131],"detection":[116],"system":[117],"uses":[119],"URL":[121],"names":[122],"combines":[124],"above":[126],"three":[127],"elements.":[128],"PhishDef":[129],"highly":[132],"accurate":[133],"(when":[135],"compared":[136],"state-of-the-art":[138],"approaches":[139],"over":[140],"real":[141],"datasets),":[142],"lightweight":[143],"(thus":[144,165],"appropriate":[145],"client-side":[149],"deployment),":[150],"proactive":[151],"(based":[152],"rather":[156],"than":[157],"blacklists),":[158],"resilient":[160],"data":[163],"inaccuracies":[164],"enabling":[166],"large":[170],"data).":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
