{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050696898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223","title":"BGP Skeleton - An Alternative to iBGP Route Reflection","display_name":"BGP Skeleton - An Alternative to iBGP Route Reflection","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050696898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223","mag":"2050696898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033279756","display_name":"Bakr Sarakbi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153010","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvk4r52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261500","display_name":"Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux","ror":"https://ror.org/05d29yv45","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4387153010","https://openalex.org/I4405261500"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bakr Sarakbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom SudParis (ex. INT), CNRS/SAMOVAR, Evry, France","LOR - D\u00e9partement Logiciels et R\u00e9seaux (France)","SAMOVAR - Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Sudparis, 9 rue Charles Fourier -91011 Evry cedex - France)","CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom SudParis (ex. INT), CNRS/SAMOVAR, Evry, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LOR - D\u00e9partement Logiciels et R\u00e9seaux (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAMOVAR - Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Sudparis, 9 rue Charles Fourier -91011 Evry cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4405261500","https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003043815","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Maag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-4712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153010","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvk4r52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261500","display_name":"Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux","ror":"https://ror.org/05d29yv45","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4387153010","https://openalex.org/I4405261500"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane Maag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom SudParis (ex. INT), CNRS/SAMOVAR, Evry, France","METHODES-SAMOVAR - M\u00e9thodes et mod\u00e8les pour les r\u00e9seaux (TELECOM Sudparis\r\n 9 rue Charles Fourier\r\n 91011 EVRY - France)","LOR - D\u00e9partement Logiciels et R\u00e9seaux (France)","SAMOVAR - Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Sudparis, 9 rue Charles Fourier -91011 Evry cedex - France)","CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom SudParis (ex. INT), CNRS/SAMOVAR, Evry, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"METHODES-SAMOVAR - M\u00e9thodes et mod\u00e8les pour les r\u00e9seaux (TELECOM Sudparis\r\n 9 rue Charles Fourier\r\n 91011 EVRY - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LOR - D\u00e9partement Logiciels et R\u00e9seaux (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAMOVAR - Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Sudparis, 9 rue Charles Fourier -91011 Evry cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4405261500","https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64820784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","score":0.9453834295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7280356884002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-free-zone","display_name":"Default-free zone","score":0.6605336666107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6422199606895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5963874459266663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5113374590873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.49766042828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4747524559497833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4050770699977875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.2193939983844757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.12017488479614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11536926031112671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.9453834295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7280356884002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101396714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3021187","display_name":"Default-free zone","level":5,"score":0.6605336666107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6422199606895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5963874459266663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5113374590873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.49766042828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4747524559497833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4050770699977875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.2193939983844757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.12017488479614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11536926031112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01309502v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01309502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"INFOCOM 2010 : 29th Conference on Computer Communications, Mar 2010, San Diego, Ca, United States. pp.1 - 5, &#x27E8;10.1109/INFCOM.2010.5462223&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1850688354","https://openalex.org/W2004993199","https://openalex.org/W2026392294","https://openalex.org/W2069762560","https://openalex.org/W2116636096","https://openalex.org/W2118331664","https://openalex.org/W2143506299","https://openalex.org/W2145721479","https://openalex.org/W2148662748","https://openalex.org/W2506906025","https://openalex.org/W2987497684","https://openalex.org/W4253388873","https://openalex.org/W6638995299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535598766","https://openalex.org/W1558646768","https://openalex.org/W2182380586","https://openalex.org/W288328875","https://openalex.org/W2128816990","https://openalex.org/W1534342069","https://openalex.org/W2030140188","https://openalex.org/W3128506234","https://openalex.org/W2204503793","https://openalex.org/W3145408402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"is":[2,13,18,57,143,155,249],"a":[3,156,236],"composition":[4],"of":[5,20,83,116,158,166,183,190,232,242],"ASes":[6],"(Autonomous":[7,64],"Systems),":[8],"BGP":[9,32,36,52,99],"(Border":[10],"Gateway":[11],"Protocol)":[12],"the":[14,50,62,94,113,123,126,159,163,171,175,181,188,206,230,240],"routing":[15,40,152],"protocol":[16],"that":[17,47,60,149,203,229],"responsible":[19],"exchanging":[21],"routes":[22],"between":[23,42,174,197],"these":[24,151],"ASes.":[25],"It":[26],"operates":[27],"in":[28,120,245],"two":[29],"modes:":[30],"External":[31],"(eBGP)":[33],"and":[34,72,138,192,227],"Internal":[35],"(iBGP).":[37],"EBGP":[38],"exchanges":[39],"information":[41,48],"ASes,":[43],"while":[44],"iBGP":[45,79,89,117,172,194,233],"propagates":[46],"within":[49],"AS.":[51,127],"Full":[53],"Mesh":[54],"Solution":[55],"(FMS)":[56],"based":[58],"on":[59,222],"all":[61,82],"ASBRs":[63],"System":[65],"Border":[66],"Routers)":[67],"should":[68,76],"be":[69],"fully":[70],"meshed":[71],"each":[73],"internal":[74],"node":[75,90],"have":[77,93,180],"an":[78,88,106,144],"session":[80],"with":[81,162,239],"them.":[84],"This":[85],"was":[86,102],"because":[87],"does":[91],"not":[92],"ability":[95,182],"to":[96,108,111,146],"reflect":[97],"routes.":[98,185],"route":[100,134,147],"reflection":[101,148],"widely":[103],"employed":[104],"as":[105,210,212],"alternative":[107,145],"full":[109],"mesh":[110],"reduce":[112],"needed":[114],"number":[115,231,241],"sessions":[118,173,195,234],"and,":[119],"turn,":[121],"increase":[122],"scalability":[124],"inside":[125],"Under":[128],"particular":[129],"configuration,":[130],"it":[131,204,221],"introduces":[132],"persistent":[133],"oscillation,":[135],"forwarding":[136],"loops,":[137],"non-optimal":[139],"egress":[140],"nodes.":[141,176],"Skeleton":[142,154,178,186],"overcomes":[150],"anomalies.":[153],"subgraph":[157],"physical":[160],"graph":[161],"same":[164],"set":[165],"nodes,":[167],"its":[168,213],"edges":[169],"are":[170],"All":[177],"nodes":[179],"reflecting":[184],"eliminates":[187],"use":[189],"clusters":[191],"establishes":[193],"only":[196],"single":[198],"hop":[199],"neighbors.":[200],"We":[201,219],"prove":[202],"holds":[205],"sufficient":[207],"correctness":[208],"conditions":[209],"well":[211],"robustness":[214],"against":[215],"MED":[216],"induced":[217],"oscillations.":[218],"evaluate":[220],"five":[223],"real":[224],"world":[225],"topologies":[226],"find":[228],"has":[235],"linear":[237],"relationship":[238,248],"ASBRs,":[243],"where":[244],"FMS":[246],"this":[247],"quadratic.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
