{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010121988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462157","title":"SparseTrack: Enhancing Indoor Pedestrian Tracking with Sparse Infrastructure Support","display_name":"SparseTrack: Enhancing Indoor Pedestrian Tracking with Sparse Infrastructure Support","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010121988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462157","mag":"2010121988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2010.5462157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462157","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053693013","display_name":"Yunye Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4930-9319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunye Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069355437","display_name":"Mehul Motani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehul Motani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050123817","display_name":"Wee-Seng Soh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-7313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee-Seng Soh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088111359","display_name":"Juanjuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-487X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanjuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7678,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96989422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7736904621124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.7206425070762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.6148631572723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilateration","display_name":"Trilateration","score":0.6144375801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.6078593730926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5873031616210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5802001357078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5309419631958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.4892573356628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4828827679157257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.46174079179763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.4288177490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30838772654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.28731924295425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.2556781768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2537345886230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2021232545375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.14850535988807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12582364678382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.12355539202690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09625712037086487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7736904621124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.7206425070762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.6148631572723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20832178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146298","display_name":"Trilateration","level":3,"score":0.6144375801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.6078593730926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5873031616210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5802001357078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5309419631958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.4892573356628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4828827679157257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.46174079179763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.4288177490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30838772654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.28731924295425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.2556781768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2537345886230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2021232545375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.14850535988807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12582364678382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.12355539202690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09625712037086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2010.5462157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2010.5462157","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/71830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/71830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492732862","https://openalex.org/W1569179667","https://openalex.org/W1969185970","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W2043712234","https://openalex.org/W2100801339","https://openalex.org/W2106226434","https://openalex.org/W2112373641","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2129792721","https://openalex.org/W2129912474","https://openalex.org/W2130010343","https://openalex.org/W2130945928","https://openalex.org/W2132254026","https://openalex.org/W2135489390","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2147981803","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W6634040119","https://openalex.org/W6681749657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607109864","https://openalex.org/W2754349618","https://openalex.org/W2337616151","https://openalex.org/W2104852921","https://openalex.org/W3015557304","https://openalex.org/W2078544568","https://openalex.org/W2550075934","https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W2377079102","https://openalex.org/W2086571783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"indoor":[1,18,104],"pedestrian":[2,105],"tracking":[3,19,72,82,106,136,212],"has":[4],"wide":[5],"applications":[6],"in":[7,47,53,169],"the":[8,48,65,85,134,154,185,199],"healthcare,":[9],"retail,":[10],"and":[11,29,69,118,180,192],"entertainment":[12],"industries.":[13],"However,":[14],"existing":[15],"approaches":[16,26,35,60],"to":[17,31,43,132,159,174,209],"have":[20],"various":[21],"limitations.":[22],"For":[23],"example,":[24],"location-fingerprinting":[25],"are":[27,144,195],"labor-intensive":[28],"vulnerable":[30],"environmental":[32],"changes.":[33],"Trilateration":[34],"require":[36],"at":[37],"least":[38],"three":[39],"Line-of-Sight":[40],"(LoS)":[41],"beacons":[42],"cover":[44],"any":[45],"point":[46],"service":[49],"area,":[50],"which":[51,108],"results":[52,151],"heavy":[54],"infrastructure":[55],"cost.":[56],"Dead":[57],"Reckoning":[58],"(DR)":[59],"rely":[61],"on":[62,114],"knowledge":[63],"of":[64,84,88,138,201],"initial":[66,186],"user":[67,187],"location":[68,81,188,211],"suffer":[70],"from":[71,146],"error":[73,137,171],"accumulation.":[74],"Despite":[75],"this,":[76],"we":[77,101],"adopt":[78],"DR":[79,111,139,165],"for":[80],"because":[83],"recent":[86],"emergence":[87],"affordable":[89],"hand-held":[90],"devices":[91],"equipped":[92],"with":[93,122,167],"low":[94],"cost":[95],"DR-enabling":[96],"sensors.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"paper,":[100],"propose":[102],"an":[103],"system":[107,156,177],"comprises":[109],"a":[110,115,119,123],"sub-system":[112,121],"implemented":[113],"mobile":[116],"phone,":[117],"ranging":[120],"sparse":[124,203],"infrastructure.":[125],"A":[126],"probabilistic":[127],"fusion":[128],"scheme":[129],"is":[130,157,178,189],"applied":[131],"bound":[133],"accumulated":[135],"when":[140,184],"new":[141],"range":[142,193],"measurements":[143],"available":[145,191],"sparsely":[147],"deployed":[148],"beacons.":[149],"Experimental":[150],"show":[152],"that":[153],"proposed":[155],"able":[158],"track":[160],"users":[161],"much":[162],"better":[163],"than":[164],"alone,":[166],"reductions":[168],"average":[170],"by":[172],"up":[173],"71.9%.":[175],"The":[176],"robust":[179],"works":[181],"well":[182],"even":[183],"not":[190],"updates":[194],"intermittent.":[196],"This":[197],"highlights":[198],"potential":[200],"using":[202],"but":[204],"reasonably":[205],"accurate":[206],"partial":[207],"information":[208],"limit":[210],"errors.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}