{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143053089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2009.5061912","title":"Surface Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Surface Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143053089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2009.5061912","mag":"2143053089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2009.5061912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2009.5061912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114173255","display_name":"Maozhe Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5492-0897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.-C. Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai","Shanghai Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048781945","display_name":"Lei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-9044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai","Shanghai Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102938931","display_name":"Min\u2010You Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-5558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.-Y. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai","Shanghai Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031301939","display_name":"Y. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101606865","display_name":"Wei Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9853-3037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133532","display_name":"Norte Maar","ror":"https://ror.org/03f42pk91","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133532"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133532"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114173255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96634084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7615966796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7166845798492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6399064064025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5517697334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.511809766292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.5064457654953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.47610601782798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4542042911052704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.43511587381362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4249924123287201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.4138604402542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3775014579296112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3738178014755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3385399580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22744673490524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18396642804145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16478231549263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.07273617386817932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7615966796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7166845798492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6399064064025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5517697334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.511809766292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5064457654953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47610601782798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4542042911052704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.43511587381362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4249924123287201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4138604402542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3775014579296112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3738178014755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3385399580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22744673490524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18396642804145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16478231549263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.07273617386817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2009.5061912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2009.5061912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.212.7875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.212.7875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nslab.kaist.ac.kr/courses/2009/cs712/paperlist/1-7.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.216.8502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.216.8502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ust.hk/~yunhuai/papers/scoverage8.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.231.3412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.231.3412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.upenn.edu/%7Emizhao/papers/coverage-infocom2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511269965","https://openalex.org/W1541256735","https://openalex.org/W1557193945","https://openalex.org/W1963650673","https://openalex.org/W1996931690","https://openalex.org/W2002847913","https://openalex.org/W2019094329","https://openalex.org/W2028589023","https://openalex.org/W2048887110","https://openalex.org/W2049095581","https://openalex.org/W2066577300","https://openalex.org/W2097163561","https://openalex.org/W2100430744","https://openalex.org/W2100961486","https://openalex.org/W2108913922","https://openalex.org/W2130754058","https://openalex.org/W2133936558","https://openalex.org/W2141434827","https://openalex.org/W2144668683","https://openalex.org/W2152179543","https://openalex.org/W2160450532","https://openalex.org/W2165410586","https://openalex.org/W2333442752","https://openalex.org/W6630674846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128212731","https://openalex.org/W2552678835","https://openalex.org/W1998890379","https://openalex.org/W90422409","https://openalex.org/W2026605743","https://openalex.org/W2029598820","https://openalex.org/W2352866006","https://openalex.org/W2367952508","https://openalex.org/W2002240636","https://openalex.org/W2372083328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coverage":[0],"is":[1,35,73,96,163,184],"a":[2,30,58,74,98,113,150,198],"fundamental":[3],"problem":[4,183],"in":[5,37,77],"Wireless":[6],"Sensor":[7],"Networks":[8],"(WSNs).":[9],"Existing":[10],"studies":[11,45],"on":[12,16,46,86],"this":[13,54,125],"topic":[14],"focus":[15],"2D":[17,93,114],"ideal":[18],"plane":[19,94,115],"coverage":[20,47,60,95,122,135,153,171],"and":[21,42,80,186],"3D":[22,27,78],"full":[23,170],"space":[24,79],"coverage.":[25,64,103],"The":[26],"surface":[28,63,66,76,102,121,134],"of":[29,33,71,101,133,176,211],"targeted":[31,69],"Field":[32,70],"Interest":[34,72],"complex":[36,75],"many":[38,144],"real":[39],"world":[40],"applications;":[41],"yet,":[43],"existing":[44,92,108],"do":[48],"not":[49],"produce":[50],"practical":[51],"results.":[52],"In":[53,65,124],"paper,":[55,126],"we":[56,127],"propose":[57,187],"new":[59],"model":[61],"called":[62],"coverage,":[67],"the":[68,87,164,173,181,209,212],"sensors":[81,145],"can":[82,159],"be":[83,117,137,160],"deployed":[84],"only":[85],"surface.":[88],"We":[89,178,191,202],"show":[90,179],"that":[91,107,180,194],"merely":[97],"special":[99],"case":[100],"Simulations":[104],"point":[105],"out":[106],"sensor":[109,157],"deployment":[110,158,166],"schemes":[111],"for":[112],"cannot":[116],"directly":[118],"applied":[119],"to":[120,136,148,207],"cases.":[123],"target":[128],"two":[129],"problems":[130],"assuming":[131],"cases":[132],"true.":[138],"One,":[139],"under":[140],"stochastic":[141],"deployment,":[142],"how":[143],"are":[146],"needed":[147],"reach":[149],"certain":[151],"expected":[152],"ratio?":[154],"Two,":[155],"if":[156],"planned,":[161],"what":[162],"optimal":[165],"strategy":[167],"with":[168,172],"guaranteed":[169],"least":[174],"number":[175],"sensors?":[177],"latter":[182],"NP-complete":[185],"three":[188],"approximation":[189,200],"algorithms.":[190,214],"further":[192],"prove":[193],"these":[195],"algorithms":[196],"have":[197],"provable":[199],"ratio.":[201],"also":[203],"conduct":[204],"comprehensive":[205],"simulations":[206],"evaluate":[208],"performance":[210],"proposed":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
