{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164824354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354686","title":"Rigidity, computation, and randomization in network localization","display_name":"Rigidity, computation, and randomization in network localization","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164824354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354686","mag":"2164824354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2004.1354686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354686","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068985322","display_name":"Tolga Eren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-6752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Eren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001470267","display_name":"O.K. Goldenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.K. Goldenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037618343","display_name":"Walter Whiteley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Whiteley","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University, Toronto, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University, Toronto, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642528","display_name":"Yufan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-8164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y.R. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078535932","display_name":"A. Stephen Morse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.S. Morse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015736743","display_name":"Brian D. O. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.D.O. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian National University, National ICT Australia Limited, Canberra, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian National University, National ICT Australia Limited, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002881666","display_name":"Peter N. Belhumeur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.N. Belhumeur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068985322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.6368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":521,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99916113,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2673","last_page":"2684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigidity","display_name":"Rigidity (electromagnetism)","score":0.6830198764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.640648365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.5853942036628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5800363421440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5529310703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5343436598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.47261857986450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37558436393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36130136251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.32036805152893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2109920084476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18330523371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10589948296546936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160343418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185256","display_name":"Rigidity (electromagnetism)","level":2,"score":0.6830198764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.640648365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.5853942036628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5800363421440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5529310703277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5343436598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.47261857986450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37558436393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36130136251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.32036805152893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2109920084476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18330523371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10589948296546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2004.1354686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354686","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.4565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.4565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ieee-infocom.org/2004/Papers/55_4.PDF","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.147.1417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.147.1417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~belhumeur/conference/infocom04.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.6.340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~eren/INFOCOM2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/77583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/77583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32950593","https://openalex.org/W34052694","https://openalex.org/W96318982","https://openalex.org/W147053542","https://openalex.org/W307627140","https://openalex.org/W1485071356","https://openalex.org/W1506823273","https://openalex.org/W1551825541","https://openalex.org/W1582520000","https://openalex.org/W1584920463","https://openalex.org/W1633983593","https://openalex.org/W1964080736","https://openalex.org/W1967816223","https://openalex.org/W1975519273","https://openalex.org/W1977438424","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W1994556169","https://openalex.org/W2002061013","https://openalex.org/W2003885039","https://openalex.org/W2017231306","https://openalex.org/W2027524385","https://openalex.org/W2045028348","https://openalex.org/W2058917139","https://openalex.org/W2077894091","https://openalex.org/W2084069552","https://openalex.org/W2094204865","https://openalex.org/W2095172966","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2104782624","https://openalex.org/W2108986762","https://openalex.org/W2109764756","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2116436884","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2121403868","https://openalex.org/W2122585669","https://openalex.org/W2125947724","https://openalex.org/W2130137998","https://openalex.org/W2132796791","https://openalex.org/W2139834426","https://openalex.org/W2139924859","https://openalex.org/W2148291654","https://openalex.org/W2150388519","https://openalex.org/W2157361753","https://openalex.org/W2165196451","https://openalex.org/W2165295831","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2544974010","https://openalex.org/W2611219145","https://openalex.org/W4239597584","https://openalex.org/W4243372951","https://openalex.org/W4244805240","https://openalex.org/W4251519580","https://openalex.org/W4251635709","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601327060","https://openalex.org/W6603909798","https://openalex.org/W6629133481","https://openalex.org/W6630272487","https://openalex.org/W6678329146","https://openalex.org/W6680580199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W4312490297","https://openalex.org/W2360897844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,31,57,79],"provide":[1],"a":[2,68,82],"theoretical":[3],"foundation":[4],"for":[5,48],"the":[6,26,46,60,90],"problem":[7],"of":[8,63,70,84],"network":[9,37,64],"localization":[10,38,65,74,85],"in":[11,86],"which":[12],"some":[13],"nodes":[14,20],"know":[15],"their":[16,22,29],"locations":[17,23],"and":[18,39,51,66],"other":[19],"determine":[21],"by":[24],"measuring":[25],"distances":[27],"to":[28,35,44,52],"neighbors.":[30],"construct":[32,53],"grounded":[33,71],"graphs":[34,72],"model":[36],"apply":[40],"graph":[41],"rigidity":[42],"theory":[43],"test":[45],"conditions":[47],"unique":[49],"localizability":[50],"uniquely":[54],"localizable":[55],"networks.":[56],"further":[58],"study":[59],"computational":[61],"complexity":[62],"investigate":[67],"subclass":[69],"where":[73,89],"can":[75],"be":[76],"computed":[77],"efficiently.":[78],"conclude":[80],"with":[81],"discussion":[83],"sensor":[87],"networks":[88],"sensors":[91],"are":[92],"placed":[93],"randomly.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
